CVE-2025-32433

Published Apr 16, 2025

Last updated a month ago

Erlang

OTP

Overview

AI description

Automated description summarized from trusted sources.

CVE-2025-32433 is a vulnerability found in the Erlang/OTP SSH server. It stems from a flaw in the SSH protocol message handling, which allows an attacker with network access to execute arbitrary code on the server without authentication. Specifically, the vulnerability enables a malicious actor to send connection protocol messages before authentication takes place. Successful exploitation could lead to full compromise of the host, unauthorized access, manipulation of sensitive data, or denial-of-service attacks.

Description: Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Source: security-advisories@github.com
NVD status: Analyzed

Risk scores

CVSS 3.1

Type: Secondary
Base score: 10
Impact score: 6
Exploitability score: 3.9
Vector string: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Severity: CRITICAL

Known exploits

Data from CISA

Vulnerability name: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability
Exploit added on: Jun 9, 2025
Exploit action due: Jun 30, 2025
Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Weaknesses

security-advisories@github.com: CWE-306

Hype score: Not currently trending

Configurations

[
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "E83BFB53-C1CC-4F9E-9794-EE0057EE770B",
            "versionEndExcluding": "25.3.2.20"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "4842AC3A-E1AE-491A-AFCE-F3669397CA82",
            "versionEndExcluding": "26.2.5.11",
            "versionStartIncluding": "26.0"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "36383ED9-EA7D-4AFF-B2C7-1FFD16207C54",
            "versionEndExcluding": "27.3.3",
            "versionStartIncluding": "27.0"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "8FD911AA-C8F6-4109-A3B4-602AEAF2C77D",
            "versionEndExcluding": "7.7.19.1"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "8B6F7512-CAC2-42DE-B150-D56AE6F78053",
            "versionEndExcluding": "8.1.16.2",
            "versionStartIncluding": "8.0.18"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "4F1269B5-554F-42E0-95A1-BD22C5C23309",
            "versionEndExcluding": "8.2.11.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "8.2"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "6D1C890C-D8CA-45FB-B70E-3960B0E9D41B",
            "versionEndExcluding": "8.3.8.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "8.3"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "37F31D4A-E5B4-4ED3-BE3C-07FFA0F4D689",
            "versionEndExcluding": "8.4.4.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "8.4"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "C911AA6C-9CD2-48F5-BC9B-A2D1AACEED03",
            "versionEndExcluding": "5.7.19.1"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "1A800C1C-CED2-4D88-ADD3-1705DF8D1611",
            "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.16.2",
            "versionStartIncluding": "5.8"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "4C18189F-8645-4801-9217-B7A1E3539F89",
            "versionEndExcluding": "6.2.11.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "6.2"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "8B4EF3D5-5633-4C99-B4AE-360A2A3B985B",
            "versionEndExcluding": "6.3.8.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "6.3"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "553AEE68-3FBE-453B-BD12-03FAF3BA6F2C",
            "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.1.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "6.4"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "9DCC5384-91EF-44D6-908B-CC019036273A",
            "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.4.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "6.4.2"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cloud_native_broadband_network_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "F813EFB7-F2E8-4E36-BBF3-1FA1C2CB6035",
            "versionEndExcluding": "2025.03.1"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:inode_manager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "BA1A6D3F-C7B9-415B-AE44-A263BFAA8B21"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:smart_phy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "D14D75E9-5247-4D0F-A92E-10821629089D",
            "versionEndExcluding": "25.2"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_packet_core:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "7C2C7DFE-3573-4086-8DD2-AC9B4EC92671"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_services_platform:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "378484EF-6E71-4D73-8864-538A869F8D08"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:staros:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "525B2F5E-1115-4523-B8CF-63F323D3F701"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:optical_site_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "2A91EBA2-5C6A-43D1-9657-E0B0B2D214F4",
            "versionEndExcluding": "25.2.1"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_1001:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "0F6E0FBE-70B7-413C-8943-39BEFE050298"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_1002:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "37AE5FB0-D9A6-4EBE-9F7F-243299AE918B"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_1004:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "60C9AAF8-4C5B-4EF5-B575-8235F3C54BCC"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ncs_2000_shelf_virtualization_orchestrator_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "3FBA50A5-A1E7-41C4-AC8C-19A2393ACF89",
            "versionEndExcluding": "25.1.1"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_2000_shelf_virtualization_orchestrator_module:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "B66F36B9-0E4E-4AE0-9102-9B963C5E67D6"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:enterprise_nfv_infrastructure_software:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "B41BD0FB-372F-418B-A453-232D04C7C055",
            "versionEndExcluding": "4.18"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_cloud_core:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "41890CCA-16A7-429C-8A31-F467141171A7",
            "versionEndExcluding": "2025.03.1"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv160w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "E4C81717-86CA-4B78-B60B-1ABEA71D0243"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv160w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "2B7E3792-5D0F-4CCC-874D-512059CA8E12"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "B8B9D17F-A3E5-498D-9AE1-11915FEF8B3B"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv260:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "6FFC99C1-954E-408B-8A08-C79941350F05"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv160_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "C2D5DF69-3106-40B4-9DEA-1655EC394E01"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv160:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "EC1DC21D-8C6C-4CE7-B5CB-8646659B02BC"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "3BA3E845-95EC-4CAD-8105-2348F8D58E3A"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv260p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "A62A6E2F-FA43-4F40-A684-651FEDAC2114"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "33291CE9-C896-4798-BAD3-5ACA2A412E92"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv260w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "95737F9F-1779-4AAB-875E-2CD586A8B780"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv340_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "FAA54684-D12C-4050-AFD3-A1A3E2B6585F"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv340:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "2A4411AC-2A74-4315-BA6B-D7E1AA538BDB"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv340w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "7440DB48-9ACC-4D14-A042-12946145AB45"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv340w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "21E55019-F969-4ACD-A6C8-1D2EE05F8EE4"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv345_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "F6DBB708-31C2-499B-B6DC-2DC3501F2FDE"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv345:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "5E91E68B-CBE9-462E-82D4-6F588B8E84E8"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv345p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "26BE8976-95F2-41DB-A76B-E67CF07DF500"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv345p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false,
            "matchCriteriaId": "5120BAB7-FB3A-481E-9ECD-48341846AFBD"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  }
]

References

Sources include official advisories and independent security research.