CVE-2025-4275

Published Jun 11, 2025

Last updated 4 days ago

CVSS high 7.8
Insyde UEFI

Overview

AI description

Automated description summarized from trusted sources.

CVE-2025-4275 is a vulnerability in Insyde H2O UEFI firmware that allows attackers to bypass Secure Boot protections. This is achieved by injecting rogue digital certificates into a poorly protected NVRAM variable named SecureFlashCertData. The firmware then mistakenly trusts the attacker's certificate, which allows the execution of malicious UEFI modules. Attackers with administrative OS-level access can write their own certificate to the SecureFlashCertData variable. During the next boot cycle, this injected certificate is used by the firmware to verify and execute unsigned or tampered UEFI code during early boot. This enables attackers to load pre-boot malware, rootkits, or firmware-level persistence mechanisms before the OS and its security tools initialize.

Description
Running the provided utility changes the certificate on any Insyde BIOS and then the attached .efi file can be launched.
Source
8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21
NVD status
Awaiting Analysis

Risk scores

CVSS 3.1

Type
Secondary
Base score
7.8
Impact score
6
Exploitability score
1.1
Vector string
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Severity
HIGH

Social media

Hype score is a measure of social media activity compared against trending CVEs from the past 12 months. Max score 100.

Hype score

12

  1. Top 5 Trending CVEs: 1 - CVE-2025-31200 2 - CVE-2023-50428 3 - CVE-2025-33073 4 - CVE-2025-21420 5 - CVE-2025-4275 #cve #cvetrends #cveshield #cybersecurity https://t.co/4Fua3CAN6W

    @CVEShield

    15 Jun 2025

    135 Impressions

    0 Retweets

    0 Likes

    0 Bookmarks

    0 Replies

    0 Quotes

  2. Preliminary analysis shows that Insyde fixed Hydroph0bia (CVE-2025-4275) by forcefully removing the NVRAM vars that lead to exploitation during SecureFlashDxe driver startup, and setting a restrictive variable policy for them, so such vars can't be set from the OS anymore. https:

    @NikolajSchlej

    14 Jun 2025

    4009 Impressions

    12 Retweets

    50 Likes

    21 Bookmarks

    1 Reply

    0 Quotes

  3. 📢 FIRMWARE GÜVENLİK DUYURUSU – Insyde UEFI Secure Boot Zafiyeti (CVE-2025-4275) Insyde Software’in H2O UEFI firmware’inde keşfedilen kritik bir güvenlik açığı, kötü niyetli aktörlerin sistemin Secure Boot mekanizmasını baypas etmesine olanak tanıyor. Zafiye

    @GMDestekMerkezi

    13 Jun 2025

    71 Impressions

    2 Retweets

    7 Likes

    0 Bookmarks

    0 Replies

    0 Quotes

  4. #exploit 1. CVE-2025-0282: Stack-based BoF in Ivanti Connect Secure - https://t.co/gg5z4ap4Go 2. CVE-2025-4123: Grafana Path Traversal - https://t.co/0QxWl8iNVO 3. CVE-2025-4275: SecureBoot bypass for UEFI-compatible firmware based on Insyde H2O - https://t.co/l6ppF6bgYS

    @ksg93rd

    11 Jun 2025

    276 Impressions

    0 Retweets

    3 Likes

    1 Bookmark

    0 Replies

    0 Quotes

  5. Hydroph0bia (CVE-2025-4275) PoC - DXE volume takeover on HUAWEI MateBook 14 2023, flashing a patched BIOS with custom boot logo. No user interaction outside of the OS required, SecureBoot and firmware password remain enabled. https://t.co/DYLj3oCb9O, https://t.co/nkk0WkIzFt h

    @NikolajSchlej

    11 Jun 2025

    4562 Impressions

    15 Retweets

    54 Likes

    19 Bookmarks

    0 Replies

    1 Quote

  6. Lenovo estimates their fixes to Hidroph0bia (CVE-2025-4275) to be available no earlier than 2025-07-30 for all affected models that aren't EOL: https://t.co/hk0HlRgKVR

    @NikolajSchlej

    11 Jun 2025

    360 Impressions

    1 Retweet

    10 Likes

    1 Bookmark

    0 Replies

    0 Quotes

  7. CVE-2025-4275 Running the provided utility changes the certificate on any Insyde BIOS and then the attached .efi file can be launched. https://t.co/4AmbcsgPPa

    @CVEnew

    11 Jun 2025

    41 Impressions

    0 Retweets

    0 Likes

    0 Bookmarks

    0 Replies

    0 Quotes

  8. How to check if your FW is vulnerable to Hydroph0bia (CVE-2025-4275): obtain a BIOS dump or a BIOS update for your PC, open it in UEFITool NE, open Search window on Text tab (Ctrl+F), search for Unicode text "SecureFlashCertData". If nothing had been found, our FW is fine.

    @NikolajSchlej

    10 Jun 2025

    1890 Impressions

    12 Retweets

    27 Likes

    13 Bookmarks

    1 Reply

    0 Quotes

  9. The embargo (12:00 UTC 2025-06-10) is over, let's start a thread on Hydroph0bia (CVE-2025-4275), a trivial SecureBoot and FW updater signature bypass in almost any Insyde H2O-based UEFI firmware used since 2012 and still in use today. English writeup: https://t.co/DYLj3oBDkg

    @NikolajSchlej

    10 Jun 2025

    12144 Impressions

    75 Retweets

    156 Likes

    60 Bookmarks

    2 Replies

    2 Quotes