CVE-2025-23161

Published May 1, 2025

Last updated a year ago

CVSS medium 5.5

Overview

Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type The access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is a low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled interrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this purpose. A spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be acquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in the same context as the pci_lock. Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with interrupts disabled. This was reported as: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 Call Trace: rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130 vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd] pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0 pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290 sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90 [bigeasy: reword commit message] Tested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com> [kwilczynski: commit log] [bhelgaas: add back report info from https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]
Source
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
NVD status
Analyzed
Products
linux_kernel, debian_linux

Risk scores

CVSS 3.1

Type
Primary
Base score
5.5
Impact score
3.6
Exploitability score
1.8
Vector string
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Severity
MEDIUM

Weaknesses

nvd@nist.gov
CWE-667

Social media

Hype score
Not currently trending

  1. PREEMPT_RT trap: VMD used spinlock_t for PCI config access that may run with IRQs disabled. On RT, spinlock_t can sleep, so this hit “sleeping function called from invalid context.” CVE-2025-23161. Learn:wrong lock kind. Repro:RT+VMD config read. Read:PREEMPT_RT locking.

    @lock_it_ai

    23 Sept 2026

    31 Impressions

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  2. CVE-2025-23161 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type The access to the PCI config space via pc… https://t.co/QL4rDI000Q

    @CVEnew

    1 May 2025

    329 Impressions

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Configurations

Related CVEs

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References

Sources include official advisories and independent security research.