Business logic vulnerabilities

A Business Logic vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0. The vulnerability is located in the add-sales.php file. The application fails to validate the "txtprice" and "txttotalcost" parameters, allowing attackers to submit negative values for sales transactions. This leads to incorrect financial calculations, corruption of sales reports, and potential financial loss.

A Business Logic vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Loan Management System v1.0 due to the lack of proper input validation. The application allows administrators to define "Loan Plans" which determine the duration of a loan (in months). However, the backend fails to validate that the duration must be a positive integer. An attacker can submit a negative value for the months parameter. The system accepts this invalid data and creates a loan plan with a negative duration.

A Business Logic vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Loan Management System v1.0 due to improper server-side validation. The application allows administrators to create "Loan Plans" with specific penalty rates for overdue payments. While the frontend interface prevents users from entering negative numbers in the "Monthly Overdue Penalty" field, this constraint is not enforced on the backend. An authenticated attacker can bypass the client-side restriction by manipulating the HTTP POST request to submit a negative value for the penalty_rate.

A Business Logic vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Loan Management System v1.0 due to improper server-side validation. The application allows administrators to create "Loan Plans" with specific interest rates. While the frontend interface prevents users from entering negative numbers, this constraint is not enforced on the backend. An authenticated attacker can bypass the client-side restriction by manipulating the HTTP POST request to submit a negative value for the interest_percentage. This results in the creation of loan plans with negative interest rates.

A Business Logic vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0 in the add-stock.php file. The application fails to validate the "txtqty" parameter during stock entry, allowing negative values to be processed. This causes the system to decrease the inventory level instead of increasing it, leading to inventory corruption and potential Denial of Service by depleting stock records.

A Business Logic vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0 in the add-sales.php file. The application fails to verify if the requested sales quantity (txtqty) exceeds the available stock level. An attacker can manipulate the request to purchase a quantity that is significantly higher than the actual available stock.

vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). The SSRF protection fix for CVE-2026-24779 add in 0.15.1 can be bypassed in the load_from_url_async method due to inconsistent URL parsing behavior between the validation layer and the actual HTTP client. The SSRF fix uses urllib3.util.parse_url() to validate and extract the hostname from user-provided URLs. However, load_from_url_async uses aiohttp for making the actual HTTP requests, and aiohttp internally uses the yarl library for URL parsing. This vulnerability in 0.17.0.

Vikunja is an open-source self-hosted task management platform. Versions prior to 2.1.0 have a business logic vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism of vikunja/api that allows password reset tokens to be reused indefinitely. Due to a failure to invalidate tokens upon use and a critical logic bug in the token cleanup cron job, reset tokens remain valid forever. This allows an attacker who intercepts a single reset token (via logs, browser history, or phishing) to perform a complete, persistent account takeover at any point in the future, bypassing standard authentication controls. Version 2.1.0 contains a patch for the issue.

The Go MCP SDK used Go's standard encoding/json.Unmarshal for JSON-RPC and MCP protocol message parsing in versions prior to 1.3.1. Go's standard library performs case-insensitive matching of JSON keys to struct field tags — a field tagged json:"method" would also match "Method", "METHOD", etc. This violated the JSON-RPC 2.0 specification, which defines exact field names. A malicious MCP peer may have been able to send protocol messages with non-standard field casing that the SDK would silently accept. This had the potential for bypassing intermediary inspection and coss-implementation inconsistency. Go's standard JSON unmarshaling was replaced with a case-sensitive decoder in commit 7b8d81c. Users are advised to update to v1.3.1 to resolve this issue.

The Open eClass platform (formerly known as GUnet eClass) is a complete course management system. Prior to version 4.2, a business logic vulnerability allows authenticated students to improperly mark themselves as present in attendance activities, including activities that have already expired, by directly accessing a crafted URL. This issue has been patched in version 4.2.

A vulnerability was identified in Bdtask Bhojon All-In-One Restaurant Management System up to 20260116. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /hungry/addtocart of the component Add-to-Cart Submission Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument price/allprice leads to business logic errors. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

A flaw was found in the keycloak-services component of Keycloak. This vulnerability allows the issuance of access and refresh tokens for disabled users, leading to unauthorized use of previously revoked privileges, via a business logic vulnerability in the Token Exchange implementation when a privileged client invokes the token exchange flow.

Vulnerability in the Oracle HTTP Server, Oracle Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in for Apache HTTP Server, Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in for IIS). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle HTTP Server, Oracle Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in. While the vulnerability is in Oracle HTTP Server, Oracle Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle HTTP Server, Oracle Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle HTTP Server, Oracle Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in accessible data. Note: Affected version for Weblogic Server Proxy Plug-in for IIS is 12.2.1.4.0 only. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 10.0 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).

Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Desktop Windows Manager allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

A pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability exists in React Server Components versions 19.0.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, and 19.2.0 including the following packages: react-server-dom-parcel, react-server-dom-turbopack, and react-server-dom-webpack. The vulnerable code unsafely deserializes payloads from HTTP requests to Server Function endpoints.

FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to version 1.4.0, a business logic flaw in FileRise’s file/folder handling allows low-privilege users to perform unauthorized operations (view/delete/modify) on files created by other users. The root cause was inferring ownership/visibility from folder names (e.g., a folder named after a username) and missing server-side authorization/ownership checks across file operation endpoints. This amounted to an IDOR pattern: an attacker could operate on resources identified only by predictable names. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.0 and further hardened in version 1.5.0. A workaround for this issue involves restricting non-admin users to read-only or disable delete/rename APIs server-side, avoid creating top-level folders named after other usernames, and adding server-side checks that verify ownership before delete/rename/move.

A vulnerability was identified in linlinjava litemall up to 1.8.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/config/express of the component Business Logic Handler. The manipulation of the argument litemall_express_freight_min leads to business logic errors. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

A business logic vulnerability in the Up2Date component of Sophos Firewall older than version 21.0 MR1 (20.0.1) can lead to attackers controlling the firewall’s DNS environment to achieve remote code execution.

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.3 before 17.11.5, 18.0 before 18.0.3, and 18.1 before 18.1.1 that could have allowed authenticated users to gain elevated project privileges by requesting access to projects where role modifications during the approval process resulted in unintended permission grants.

A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to a business logic flaw in SOAP admin services. A malicious actor can create a new user with elevated permissions only when all of the following conditions are met: * SOAP admin services are accessible to the attacker. * The deployment includes an internally used attribute that is not part of the default WSO2 product configuration. * At least one custom role exists with non-default permissions. * The attacker has knowledge of the custom role and the internal attribute used in the deployment. Exploiting this vulnerability allows malicious actors to assign higher privileges to self-registered users, bypassing intended access control mechanisms.

A business logic error in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 12.1 prior to 17.10.7, 17.11 prior to 17.11.3 and 18.0 prior to 18.0.1 where an attacker can cause a branch name confusion in confidential MRs.

An incorrect authorization vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to a business logic flaw in the account recovery-related SOAP admin service. A malicious actor can exploit this vulnerability to reset the password of any user account, leading to a complete account takeover, including accounts with elevated privileges. This vulnerability is exploitable only through the account recovery SOAP admin services exposed via the "/services" context path in affected products. The impact may be reduced if access to these endpoints has been restricted based on the "Security Guidelines for Production Deployment" by disabling exposure to untrusted networks.

Booking logic flaw in Easy!Appointments v1.5.1 allows unauthenticated attackers to create appointments with excessively long durations, causing a denial of service by blocking all future booking availability.

nopCommerce through 4.90.1 does not offer locking for order placement. Thus there is a race condition with duplicate redeeming of gift cards.

We observed that Intellispace Portal binaries doesn’t have any protection mechanisms to prevent reverse engineering. Specifically, the app’s code is not obfuscated, and no measures are in place to protect against decompilation, disassembly, or debugging. As a result, attackers can reverse-engineer the application to gain insights into its internal workings, which can potentially lead to the discovery of sensitive information, business logic flaws, and other vulnerabilities. Utilizing this flaw, the attacker was able to identify the Hardcoded credentials from PortalUsersDatabase.dll, which contains .NET remoting definition. Inside the namespace PortalUsersDatabase, the class Users contains the functions CreateAdmin and CreateService that are used to initialize accounts in the Portal service. Both CreateAdmin and CreateService functions contain a hardcoded encrypted password along with its respective salt that are set with the function SetInitialPasswordAndSalt. This issue affects IntelliSpace Portal: 12 and prior; Advanced Visualization Workspace: 15.

Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.8-beta1, 2.4.7-p3, 2.4.6-p8, 2.4.5-p10, 2.4.4-p11 and earlier are affected by a Business Logic Error vulnerability that could result in a security feature bypass. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to circumvent intended security mechanisms by manipulating the logic of the application's operations causing limited data modification. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.

Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. Source code may be stolen during dev when using version 3.0.0 through 3.15.12 of the webpack builder or version 3.12.2 through 3.152 of the rspack builder and a victim opens a malicious web site. Because the request for classic script by a script tag is not subject to same origin policy, an attacker can inject a malicious script in their site and run the script. By using `Function::toString` against the values in `window.webpackChunknuxt_app`, the attacker can get the source code. Version 3.15.13 of Nuxt patches this issue.

Infoblox BloxOne v2.4 was discovered to contain a business logic flaw due to thick client vulnerabilities.

An issue was discovered in Optimizely Configured Commerce before 5.2.2408. A medium-severity issue concerning business logic exists in the Commerce B2B application, which allows storefront visitors to purchase discontinued products in specific scenarios where requests are altered before reaching the server.

A business logic vulnerability exists in the Add to Cart function of itsourcecode Agri-Trading Online Shopping System 1.0, which allows remote attackers to manipulate the quant parameter when adding a product to the cart. By setting the quantity value to -0, an attacker can exploit a flaw in the application's total price calculation logic. This vulnerability causes the total price to be reduced to zero, allowing the attacker to add items to the cart and proceed to checkout.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the 'add_webpage' endpoint of the parisneo/lollms-webui application, affecting the latest version. The vulnerability arises because the application does not adequately validate URLs entered by users, allowing them to input arbitrary URLs, including those that target internal resources such as 'localhost' or '127.0.0.1'. This flaw enables attackers to make unauthorized requests to internal or external systems, potentially leading to access to sensitive data, service disruption, network integrity compromise, business logic manipulation, and abuse of third-party resources. The issue is critical and requires immediate attention to maintain the application's security and integrity.

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in SourceCodester Online Mobile Management Store 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Product Price Handler. The manipulation of the argument quantity with the input -1 leads to business logic errors. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-255583.

A business logic error in GitLab EE affecting all versions prior to 16.2.8, 16.3 prior to 16.3.5, and 16.4 prior to 16.4.1 allows access to internal projects. A service account is not deleted when a namespace is deleted, allowing access to internal projects.

Business Logic Errors in GitHub repository answerdev/answer prior to 1.0.6.

Business Logic Errors in GitHub repository answerdev/answer prior to 1.0.6.

Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in GitHub repository answerdev/answer prior to 1.0.6.

Business Logic Errors in GitHub repository ikus060/rdiffweb prior to 2.5.5.

An issue was discovered in the endpoint protection agent in Zoho ManageEngine Device Control Plus 10.1.2228.15. Despite configuring complete restrictions on USB pendrives, USB HDD devices, memory cards, USB connections to mobile devices, etc., it is still possible to bypass the USB restrictions by making use of a virtual machine (VM). This allows a file to be exchanged outside the laptop/system. VMs can be created by any user (even without admin rights). The data exfiltration can occur without any record in the audit trail of Windows events on the host machine. NOTE: the vendor's position is "it's not a vulnerability in our product."

Kaseya VSA before 9.5.7 allows credential disclosure, as exploited in the wild in July 2021. By default Kaseya VSA on premise offers a download page where the clients for the installation can be downloaded. The default URL for this page is https://x.x.x.x/dl.asp When an attacker download a client for Windows and installs it, the file KaseyaD.ini is generated (C:\Program Files (x86)\Kaseya\XXXXXXXXXX\KaseyaD.ini) which contains an Agent_Guid and AgentPassword This Agent_Guid and AgentPassword can be used to log in on dl.asp (https://x.x.x.x/dl.asp?un=840997037507813&pw=113cc622839a4077a84837485ced6b93e440bf66d44057713cb2f95e503a06d9) This request authenticates the client and returns a sessionId cookie that can be used in subsequent attacks to bypass authentication. Security issues discovered --- * Unauthenticated download page leaks credentials * Credentials of agent software can be used to obtain a sessionId (cookie) that can be used for services not intended for use by agents * dl.asp accepts credentials via a GET request * Access to KaseyaD.ini gives an attacker access to sufficient information to penetrate the Kaseya installation and its clients. Impact --- Via the page /dl.asp enough information can be obtained to give an attacker a sessionId that can be used to execute further (semi-authenticated) attacks against the system.

In SyliusResourceBundle before versions 1.3.14, 1.4.7, 1.5.2 and 1.6.4, request parameters injected inside an expression evaluated by `symfony/expression-language` package haven't been sanitized properly. This allows the attacker to access any public service by manipulating that request parameter, allowing for Remote Code Execution. This issue has been patched for versions 1.3.14, 1.4.7, 1.5.2 and 1.6.4. Versions prior to 1.3 were not patched.