Linux vulnerabilities

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Validate sp before freeing associated memory System crash with the following signature [154563.214890] nvme nvme2: NVME-FC{1}: controller connect complete [154564.169363] qla2xxx [0000:b0:00.1]-3002:2: nvme: Sched: Set ZIO exchange threshold to 3. [154564.169405] qla2xxx [0000:b0:00.1]-ffffff:2: SET ZIO Activity exchange threshold to 5. [154565.539974] qla2xxx [0000:b0:00.1]-5013:2: RSCN database changed – 0078 0080 0000. [154565.545744] qla2xxx [0000:b0:00.1]-5013:2: RSCN database changed – 0078 00a0 0000. [154565.545857] qla2xxx [0000:b0:00.1]-11a2:2: FEC=enabled (data rate). [154565.552760] qla2xxx [0000:b0:00.1]-11a2:2: FEC=enabled (data rate). [154565.553079] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000000f8 [154565.553080] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [154565.553082] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [154565.553084] PGD 80000010488ab067 P4D 80000010488ab067 PUD 104978a067 PMD 0 [154565.553089] Oops: 0000 1 PREEMPT SMP PTI [154565.553092] CPU: 10 PID: 858 Comm: qla2xxx_2_dpc Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE ------- --- 5.14.0-503.11.1.el9_5.x86_64 #1 [154565.553096] Hardware name: HPE Synergy 660 Gen10/Synergy 660 Gen10 Compute Module, BIOS I43 09/30/2024 [154565.553097] RIP: 0010:qla_fab_async_scan.part.0+0x40b/0x870 [qla2xxx] [154565.553141] Code: 00 00 e8 58 a3 ec d4 49 89 e9 ba 12 20 00 00 4c 89 e6 49 c7 c0 00 ee a8 c0 48 c7 c1 66 c0 a9 c0 bf 00 80 00 10 e8 15 69 00 00 <4c> 8b 8d f8 00 00 00 4d 85 c9 74 35 49 8b 84 24 00 19 00 00 48 8b [154565.553143] RSP: 0018:ffffb4dbc8aebdd0 EFLAGS: 00010286 [154565.553145] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8ec2cf0908d0 RCX: 0000000000000002 [154565.553147] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffffc0a9c896 RDI: ffffb4dbc8aebd47 [154565.553148] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: ffffb4dbc8aebd45 R09: 0000000000ffff0a [154565.553150] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 000000000000000f R12: ffff8ec2cf0908d0 [154565.553151] R13: ffff8ec2cf090900 R14: 0000000000000102 R15: ffff8ec2cf084000 [154565.553152] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8ed27f800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [154565.553154] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [154565.553155] CR2: 00000000000000f8 CR3: 000000113ae0a005 CR4: 00000000007706f0 [154565.553157] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [154565.553158] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [154565.553159] PKRU: 55555554 [154565.553160] Call Trace: [154565.553162] <TASK> [154565.553165] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1c4/0x2df [154565.553172] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1c4/0x2df [154565.553177] ? qla_fab_async_scan.part.0+0x40b/0x870 [qla2xxx] [154565.553215] ? __die_body.cold+0x8/0xd [154565.553218] ? page_fault_oops+0x134/0x170 [154565.553223] ? snprintf+0x49/0x70 [154565.553229] ? exc_page_fault+0x62/0x150 [154565.553238] ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30 Check for sp being non NULL before freeing any associated memory

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Delay module unload while fabric scan in progress System crash seen during load/unload test in a loop. [105954.384919] RBP: ffff914589838dc0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000086 [105954.384920] R10: 000000000000000f R11: ffffa31240904be5 R12: ffff914605f868e0 [105954.384921] R13: ffff914605f86910 R14: 0000000000008010 R15: 00000000ddb7c000 [105954.384923] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9163fec40000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [105954.384925] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [105954.384926] CR2: 000055d31ce1d6a0 CR3: 0000000119f5e001 CR4: 0000000000770ee0 [105954.384928] PKRU: 55555554 [105954.384929] Call Trace: [105954.384931] <IRQ> [105954.384934] qla24xx_sp_unmap+0x1f3/0x2a0 [qla2xxx] [105954.384962] ? qla_async_scan_sp_done+0x114/0x1f0 [qla2xxx] [105954.384980] ? qla24xx_els_ct_entry+0x4de/0x760 [qla2xxx] [105954.384999] ? __wake_up_common+0x80/0x190 [105954.385004] ? qla24xx_process_response_queue+0xc2/0xaa0 [qla2xxx] [105954.385023] ? qla24xx_msix_rsp_q+0x44/0xb0 [qla2xxx] [105954.385040] ? __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x3d/0x190 [105954.385044] ? handle_irq_event+0x58/0xb0 [105954.385046] ? handle_edge_irq+0x93/0x240 [105954.385050] ? __common_interrupt+0x41/0xa0 [105954.385055] ? common_interrupt+0x3e/0xa0 [105954.385060] ? asm_common_interrupt+0x22/0x40 The root cause of this was that there was a free (dma_free_attrs) in the interrupt context. There was a device discovery/fabric scan in progress. A module unload was issued which set the UNLOADING flag. As part of the discovery, after receiving an interrupt a work queue was scheduled (which involved a work to be queued). Since the UNLOADING flag is set, the work item was not allocated and the mapped memory had to be freed. The free occurred in interrupt context leading to system crash. Delay the driver unload until the fabric scan is complete to avoid the crash.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtl8xxxu: fix slab-out-of-bounds in rtl8xxxu_sta_add The driver does not set hw->sta_data_size, which causes mac80211 to allocate insufficient space for driver private station data in __sta_info_alloc(). When rtl8xxxu_sta_add() accesses members of struct rtl8xxxu_sta_info through sta->drv_priv, this results in a slab-out-of-bounds write. KASAN report on RISC-V (VisionFive 2) with RTL8192EU adapter: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in rtl8xxxu_sta_add+0x31c/0x346 Write of size 8 at addr ffffffd6d3e9ae88 by task kworker/u16:0/12 Set hw->sta_data_size to sizeof(struct rtl8xxxu_sta_info) during probe, similar to how hw->vif_data_size is configured. This ensures mac80211 allocates sufficient space for the driver's per-station private data. Tested on StarFive VisionFive 2 v1.2A board.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: endpoint: Avoid creating sub-groups asynchronously The asynchronous creation of sub-groups by a delayed work could lead to a NULL pointer dereference when the driver directory is removed before the work completes. The crash can be easily reproduced with the following commands: # cd /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/functions/pci_epf_test # for i in {1..20}; do mkdir test && rmdir test; done BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000088 ... Call Trace: configfs_register_group+0x3d/0x190 pci_epf_cfs_work+0x41/0x110 process_one_work+0x18f/0x350 worker_thread+0x25a/0x3a0 Fix this issue by using configfs_add_default_group() API which does not have the deadlock problem as configfs_register_group() and does not require the delayed work handler. [mani: slightly reworded the description and added stable list]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Free sp in error path to fix system crash System crash seen during load/unload test in a loop, [61110.449331] qla2xxx [0000:27:00.0]-0042:0: Disabled MSI-X. [61110.467494] ============================================================================= [61110.467498] BUG qla2xxx_srbs (Tainted: G OE -------- --- ): Objects remaining in qla2xxx_srbs on __kmem_cache_shutdown() [61110.467501] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [61110.467502] Slab 0x000000000ffc8162 objects=51 used=1 fp=0x00000000e25d3d85 flags=0x57ffffc0010200(slab|head|node=1|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff) [61110.467509] CPU: 53 PID: 455206 Comm: rmmod Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE -------- --- 5.14.0-284.11.1.el9_2.x86_64 #1 [61110.467513] Hardware name: HPE ProLiant DL385 Gen10 Plus v2/ProLiant DL385 Gen10 Plus v2, BIOS A42 08/17/2023 [61110.467515] Call Trace: [61110.467516] <TASK> [61110.467519] dump_stack_lvl+0x34/0x48 [61110.467526] slab_err.cold+0x53/0x67 [61110.467534] __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x16e/0x320 [61110.467540] kmem_cache_destroy+0x51/0x160 [61110.467544] qla2x00_module_exit+0x93/0x99 [qla2xxx] [61110.467607] ? __do_sys_delete_module.constprop.0+0x178/0x280 [61110.467613] ? syscall_trace_enter.constprop.0+0x145/0x1d0 [61110.467616] ? do_syscall_64+0x5c/0x90 [61110.467619] ? exc_page_fault+0x62/0x150 [61110.467622] ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd [61110.467626] </TASK> [61110.467627] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint [61110.467635] Object 0x0000000026f7e6e6 @offset=16000 [61110.467639] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [61110.467639] kmem_cache_destroy qla2xxx_srbs: Slab cache still has objects when called from qla2x00_module_exit+0x93/0x99 [qla2xxx] [61110.467659] WARNING: CPU: 53 PID: 455206 at mm/slab_common.c:520 kmem_cache_destroy+0x14d/0x160 [61110.467718] CPU: 53 PID: 455206 Comm: rmmod Kdump: loaded Tainted: G B OE -------- --- 5.14.0-284.11.1.el9_2.x86_64 #1 [61110.467720] Hardware name: HPE ProLiant DL385 Gen10 Plus v2/ProLiant DL385 Gen10 Plus v2, BIOS A42 08/17/2023 [61110.467721] RIP: 0010:kmem_cache_destroy+0x14d/0x160 [61110.467724] Code: 99 7d 07 00 48 89 ef e8 e1 6a 07 00 eb b3 48 8b 55 60 48 8b 4c 24 20 48 c7 c6 70 fc 66 90 48 c7 c7 f8 ef a1 90 e8 e1 ed 7c 00 <0f> 0b eb 93 c3 cc cc cc cc 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 55 48 89 [61110.467725] RSP: 0018:ffffa304e489fe80 EFLAGS: 00010282 [61110.467727] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffffc0d9a860 RCX: 0000000000000027 [61110.467729] RDX: ffff8fd5ff9598a8 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffff8fd5ff9598a0 [61110.467730] RBP: ffff8fb6aaf78700 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000100d863b7 [61110.467731] R10: ffffa304e489fd20 R11: ffffffff913bef48 R12: 0000000040002000 [61110.467731] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 [61110.467733] FS: 00007f64c89fb740(0000) GS:ffff8fd5ff940000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [61110.467734] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [61110.467735] CR2: 00007f0f02bfe000 CR3: 00000020ad6dc005 CR4: 0000000000770ee0 [61110.467736] PKRU: 55555554 [61110.467737] Call Trace: [61110.467738] <TASK> [61110.467739] qla2x00_module_exit+0x93/0x99 [qla2xxx] [61110.467755] ? __do_sys_delete_module.constprop.0+0x178/0x280 Free sp in the error path to fix the crash.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: iaa - Fix out-of-bounds index in find_empty_iaa_compression_mode The local variable 'i' is initialized with -EINVAL, but the for loop immediately overwrites it and -EINVAL is never returned. If no empty compression mode can be found, the function would return the out-of-bounds index IAA_COMP_MODES_MAX, which would cause an invalid array access in add_iaa_compression_mode(). Fix both issues by returning either a valid index or -EINVAL.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hfs: ensure sb->s_fs_info is always cleaned up When hfs was converted to the new mount api a bug was introduced by changing the allocation pattern of sb->s_fs_info. If setup_bdev_super() fails after a new superblock has been allocated by sget_fc(), but before hfs_fill_super() takes ownership of the filesystem-specific s_fs_info data it was leaked. Fix this by freeing sb->s_fs_info in hfs_kill_super().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw88: Fix alignment fault in rtw_core_enable_beacon() rtw_core_enable_beacon() reads 4 bytes from an address that is not a multiple of 4. This results in a crash on some systems. Do 1 byte reads/writes instead. Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff8000827e0522 Mem abort info: ESR = 0x0000000096000021 EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits SET = 0, FnV = 0 EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 FSC = 0x21: alignment fault Data abort info: ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000021, ISS2 = 0x00000000 CM = 0, WnR = 0, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0 GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0, Xs = 0 swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000005492000 [ffff8000827e0522] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=10000001021d9403, pud=10000001021da403, pmd=100000011061c403, pte=00780000f3200f13 Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000021 [#1] SMP Modules linked in: [...] rtw88_8822ce rtw88_8822c rtw88_pci rtw88_core [...] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 73 Comm: kworker/u32:2 Tainted: G W 6.17.9 #1-NixOS VOLUNTARY Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: FriendlyElec NanoPC-T6 LTS (DT) Workqueue: phy0 rtw_c2h_work [rtw88_core] pstate: 60400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : rtw_pci_read32+0x18/0x40 [rtw88_pci] lr : rtw_core_enable_beacon+0xe0/0x148 [rtw88_core] sp : ffff800080cc3ca0 x29: ffff800080cc3ca0 x28: ffff0001031fc240 x27: ffff000102100828 x26: ffffd2cb7c9b4088 x25: ffff0001031fc2c0 x24: ffff000112fdef00 x23: ffff000112fdef18 x22: ffff000111c29970 x21: 0000000000000001 x20: 0000000000000001 x19: ffff000111c22040 x18: 0000000000000000 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000 x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : ffffd2cb6507c090 x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000000 x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000007f10 x1 : 0000000000000522 x0 : ffff8000827e0522 Call trace: rtw_pci_read32+0x18/0x40 [rtw88_pci] (P) rtw_hw_scan_chan_switch+0x124/0x1a8 [rtw88_core] rtw_fw_c2h_cmd_handle+0x254/0x290 [rtw88_core] rtw_c2h_work+0x50/0x98 [rtw88_core] process_one_work+0x178/0x3f8 worker_thread+0x208/0x418 kthread+0x120/0x220 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 Code: d28fe202 8b020000 f9524400 8b214000 (b9400000) ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/slab: Add alloc_tagging_slab_free_hook for memcg_alloc_abort_single When CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG is enabled, the following warning may be noticed: [ 3959.023862] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 3959.023891] alloc_tag was not cleared (got tag for lib/xarray.c:378) [ 3959.023947] WARNING: ./include/linux/alloc_tag.h:155 at alloc_tag_add+0x128/0x178, CPU#6: mkfs.ntfs/113998 [ 3959.023978] Modules linked in: dns_resolver tun brd overlay exfat btrfs blake2b libblake2b xor xor_neon raid6_pq loop sctp ip6_udp_tunnel udp_tunnel ext4 crc16 mbcache jbd2 rfkill sunrpc vfat fat sg fuse nfnetlink sr_mod virtio_gpu cdrom drm_client_lib virtio_dma_buf drm_shmem_helper drm_kms_helper ghash_ce drm sm4 backlight virtio_net net_failover virtio_scsi failover virtio_console virtio_blk virtio_mmio dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_multipath dm_mod i2c_dev aes_neon_bs aes_ce_blk [last unloaded: hwpoison_inject] [ 3959.024170] CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 113998 Comm: mkfs.ntfs Kdump: loaded Tainted: G W 6.19.0-rc7+ #7 PREEMPT(voluntary) [ 3959.024182] Tainted: [W]=WARN [ 3959.024186] Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022 [ 3959.024192] pstate: 604000c5 (nZCv daIF +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 3959.024199] pc : alloc_tag_add+0x128/0x178 [ 3959.024207] lr : alloc_tag_add+0x128/0x178 [ 3959.024214] sp : ffff80008b696d60 [ 3959.024219] x29: ffff80008b696d60 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: 0000000000000240 [ 3959.024232] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000240 x24: ffff800085d17860 [ 3959.024245] x23: 0000000000402800 x22: ffff0000c0012dc0 x21: 00000000000002d0 [ 3959.024257] x20: ffff0000e6ef3318 x19: ffff800085ae0410 x18: 0000000000000000 [ 3959.024269] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000 [ 3959.024281] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000001 x12: ffff600064101293 [ 3959.024292] x11: 1fffe00064101292 x10: ffff600064101292 x9 : dfff800000000000 [ 3959.024305] x8 : 00009fff9befed6e x7 : ffff000320809493 x6 : 0000000000000001 [ 3959.024316] x5 : ffff000320809490 x4 : ffff600064101293 x3 : ffff800080691838 [ 3959.024328] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff0000d5bcd640 [ 3959.024340] Call trace: [ 3959.024346] alloc_tag_add+0x128/0x178 (P) [ 3959.024355] __alloc_tagging_slab_alloc_hook+0x11c/0x1a8 [ 3959.024362] kmem_cache_alloc_lru_noprof+0x1b8/0x5e8 [ 3959.024369] xas_alloc+0x304/0x4f0 [ 3959.024381] xas_create+0x1e0/0x4a0 [ 3959.024388] xas_store+0x68/0xda8 [ 3959.024395] __filemap_add_folio+0x5b0/0xbd8 [ 3959.024409] filemap_add_folio+0x16c/0x7e0 [ 3959.024416] __filemap_get_folio_mpol+0x2dc/0x9e8 [ 3959.024424] iomap_get_folio+0xfc/0x180 [ 3959.024435] __iomap_get_folio+0x2f8/0x4b8 [ 3959.024441] iomap_write_begin+0x198/0xc18 [ 3959.024448] iomap_write_iter+0x2ec/0x8f8 [ 3959.024454] iomap_file_buffered_write+0x19c/0x290 [ 3959.024461] blkdev_write_iter+0x38c/0x978 [ 3959.024470] vfs_write+0x4d4/0x928 [ 3959.024482] ksys_write+0xfc/0x1f8 [ 3959.024489] __arm64_sys_write+0x74/0xb0 [ 3959.024496] invoke_syscall+0xd4/0x258 [ 3959.024507] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xb4/0x240 [ 3959.024514] do_el0_svc+0x48/0x68 [ 3959.024520] el0_svc+0x40/0xf8 [ 3959.024526] el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa0/0xe8 [ 3959.024533] el0t_64_sync+0x1ac/0x1b0 [ 3959.024540] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- When __memcg_slab_post_alloc_hook() fails, there are two different free paths depending on whether size == 1 or size != 1. In the kmem_cache_free_bulk() path, we do call alloc_tagging_slab_free_hook(). However, in memcg_alloc_abort_single() we don't, the above warning will be triggered on the next allocation. Therefore, add alloc_tagging_slab_free_hook() to the memcg_alloc_abort_single() path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gpio: loongson-64bit: Fix incorrect NULL check after devm_kcalloc() Fix incorrect NULL check in loongson_gpio_init_irqchip(). The function checks chip->parent instead of chip->irq.parents.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: trace: fix snapshot deadlock with sbi ecall If sbi_ecall.c's functions are traceable, echo "__sbi_ecall:snapshot" > /sys/kernel/tracing/set_ftrace_filter may get the kernel into a deadlock. (Functions in sbi_ecall.c are excluded from tracing if CONFIG_RISCV_ALTERNATIVE_EARLY is set.) __sbi_ecall triggers a snapshot of the ringbuffer. The snapshot code raises an IPI interrupt, which results in another call to __sbi_ecall and another snapshot... All it takes to get into this endless loop is one initial __sbi_ecall. On RISC-V systems without SSTC extension, the clock events in timer-riscv.c issue periodic sbi ecalls, making the problem easy to trigger. Always exclude the sbi_ecall.c functions from tracing to fix the potential deadlock. sbi ecalls can easiliy be logged via trace events, excluding ecall functions from function tracing is not a big limitation.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: target: iscsi: Fix use-after-free in iscsit_dec_conn_usage_count() In iscsit_dec_conn_usage_count(), the function calls complete() while holding the conn->conn_usage_lock. As soon as complete() is invoked, the waiter (such as iscsit_close_connection()) may wake up and proceed to free the iscsit_conn structure. If the waiter frees the memory before the current thread reaches spin_unlock_bh(), it results in a KASAN slab-use-after-free as the function attempts to release a lock within the already-freed connection structure. Fix this by releasing the spinlock before calling complete().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/vmware: Fix hypercall clobbers Fedora QA reported the following panic: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 0000000040003e54 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS edk2-20251119-3.fc43 11/19/2025 RIP: 0010:vmware_hypercall4.constprop.0+0x52/0x90 .. Call Trace: vmmouse_report_events+0x13e/0x1b0 psmouse_handle_byte+0x15/0x60 ps2_interrupt+0x8a/0xd0 ... because the QEMU VMware mouse emulation is buggy, and clears the top 32 bits of %rdi that the kernel kept a pointer in. The QEMU vmmouse driver saves and restores the register state in a "uint32_t data[6];" and as a result restores the state with the high bits all cleared. RDI originally contained the value of a valid kernel stack address (0xff5eeb3240003e54). After the vmware hypercall it now contains 0x40003e54, and we get a page fault as a result when it is dereferenced. The proper fix would be in QEMU, but this works around the issue in the kernel to keep old setups working, when old kernels had not happened to keep any state in %rdi over the hypercall. In theory this same issue exists for all the hypercalls in the vmmouse driver; in practice it has only been seen with vmware_hypercall3() and vmware_hypercall4(). For now, just mark RDI/RSI as clobbered for those two calls. This should have a minimal effect on code generation overall as it should be rare for the compiler to want to make RDI/RSI live across hypercalls.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: reject new transactions if the fs is fully read-only [BUG] There is a bug report where a heavily fuzzed fs is mounted with all rescue mount options, which leads to the following warnings during unmount: BTRFS: Transaction aborted (error -22) Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9758 Comm: repro.out Not tainted 6.19.0-rc5-00002-gb71e635feefc #7 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:find_free_extent_update_loop fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4208 [inline] RIP: 0010:find_free_extent+0x52f0/0x5d20 fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4611 Call Trace: <TASK> btrfs_reserve_extent+0x2cd/0x790 fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4705 btrfs_alloc_tree_block+0x1e1/0x10e0 fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:5157 btrfs_force_cow_block+0x578/0x2410 fs/btrfs/ctree.c:517 btrfs_cow_block+0x3c4/0xa80 fs/btrfs/ctree.c:708 btrfs_search_slot+0xcad/0x2b50 fs/btrfs/ctree.c:2130 btrfs_truncate_inode_items+0x45d/0x2350 fs/btrfs/inode-item.c:499 btrfs_evict_inode+0x923/0xe70 fs/btrfs/inode.c:5628 evict+0x5f4/0xae0 fs/inode.c:837 __dentry_kill+0x209/0x660 fs/dcache.c:670 finish_dput+0xc9/0x480 fs/dcache.c:879 shrink_dcache_for_umount+0xa0/0x170 fs/dcache.c:1661 generic_shutdown_super+0x67/0x2c0 fs/super.c:621 kill_anon_super+0x3b/0x70 fs/super.c:1289 btrfs_kill_super+0x41/0x50 fs/btrfs/super.c:2127 deactivate_locked_super+0xbc/0x130 fs/super.c:474 cleanup_mnt+0x425/0x4c0 fs/namespace.c:1318 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:233 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline] do_exit+0x694/0x22f0 kernel/exit.c:971 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1112 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1123 [inline] __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1121 [inline] __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3f/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1121 x64_sys_call+0x2210/0x2210 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xe8/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x44f639 Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x44f60f. RSP: 002b:00007ffc15c4e088 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000e7 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00000000004c32f0 RCX: 000000000044f639 RDX: 000000000000003c RSI: 00000000000000e7 RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: ffffffffffffffc0 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000004c32f0 R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000001 </TASK> Since rescue mount options will mark the full fs read-only, there should be no new transaction triggered. But during unmount we will evict all inodes, which can trigger a new transaction, and triggers warnings on a heavily corrupted fs. [CAUSE] Btrfs allows new transaction even on a read-only fs, this is to allow log replay happen even on read-only mounts, just like what ext4/xfs do. However with rescue mount options, the fs is fully read-only and cannot be remounted read-write, thus in that case we should also reject any new transactions. [FIX] If we find the fs has rescue mount options, we should treat the fs as error, so that no new transaction can be started.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/pm: Disable MMIO access during SMU Mode 1 reset During Mode 1 reset, the ASIC undergoes a reset cycle and becomes temporarily inaccessible via PCIe. Any attempt to access MMIO registers during this window (e.g., from interrupt handlers or other driver threads) can result in uncompleted PCIe transactions, leading to NMI panics or system hangs. To prevent this, set the `no_hw_access` flag to true immediately after triggering the reset. This signals other driver components to skip register accesses while the device is offline. A memory barrier `smp_mb()` is added to ensure the flag update is globally visible to all cores before the driver enters the sleep/wait state. (cherry picked from commit 7edb503fe4b6d67f47d8bb0dfafb8e699bb0f8a4)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bonding: annotate data-races around slave->last_rx slave->last_rx and slave->target_last_arp_rx[...] can be read and written locklessly. Add READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() annotations. syzbot reported: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in bond_rcv_validate / bond_rcv_validate write to 0xffff888149f0d428 of 8 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: bond_rcv_validate+0x202/0x7a0 drivers/net/bonding/bond_main.c:3335 bond_handle_frame+0xde/0x5e0 drivers/net/bonding/bond_main.c:1533 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x5b1/0x1950 net/core/dev.c:6039 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6150 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x59/0x270 net/core/dev.c:6265 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6351 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x4b/0x2d0 net/core/dev.c:6410 ... write to 0xffff888149f0d428 of 8 bytes by interrupt on cpu 0: bond_rcv_validate+0x202/0x7a0 drivers/net/bonding/bond_main.c:3335 bond_handle_frame+0xde/0x5e0 drivers/net/bonding/bond_main.c:1533 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x5b1/0x1950 net/core/dev.c:6039 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6150 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x59/0x270 net/core/dev.c:6265 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6351 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x4b/0x2d0 net/core/dev.c:6410 br_netif_receive_skb net/bridge/br_input.c:30 [inline] NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:318 [inline] ... value changed: 0x0000000100005365 -> 0x0000000100005366

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm, swap: restore swap_space attr aviod kernel panic commit 8b47299a411a ("mm, swap: mark swap address space ro and add context debug check") made the swap address space read-only. It may lead to kernel panic if arch_prepare_to_swap returns a failure under heavy memory pressure as follows, el1_abort+0x40/0x64 el1h_64_sync_handler+0x48/0xcc el1h_64_sync+0x84/0x88 errseq_set+0x4c/0xb8 (P) __filemap_set_wb_err+0x20/0xd0 shrink_folio_list+0xc20/0x11cc evict_folios+0x1520/0x1be4 try_to_shrink_lruvec+0x27c/0x3dc shrink_one+0x9c/0x228 shrink_node+0xb3c/0xeac do_try_to_free_pages+0x170/0x4f0 try_to_free_pages+0x334/0x534 __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim+0x90/0x158 __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x334/0x588 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x224/0x2fc __folio_alloc_noprof+0x14/0x64 vma_alloc_zeroed_movable_folio+0x34/0x44 do_pte_missing+0xad4/0x1040 handle_mm_fault+0x4a4/0x790 do_page_fault+0x288/0x5f8 do_translation_fault+0x38/0x54 do_mem_abort+0x54/0xa8 Restore swap address space as not ro to avoid the panic.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mac80211: don't WARN for connections on invalid channels It's not clear (to me) how exactly syzbot managed to hit this, but it seems conceivable that e.g. regulatory changed and has disabled a channel between scanning (channel is checked to be usable by cfg80211_get_ies_channel_number) and connecting on the channel later. With one scenario that isn't covered elsewhere described above, the warning isn't good, replace it with a (more informative) error message.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md: suspend array while updating raid_disks via sysfs In raid1_reshape(), freeze_array() is called before modifying the r1bio memory pool (conf->r1bio_pool) and conf->raid_disks, and unfreeze_array() is called after the update is completed. However, freeze_array() only waits until nr_sync_pending and (nr_pending - nr_queued) of all buckets reaches zero. When an I/O error occurs, nr_queued is increased and the corresponding r1bio is queued to either retry_list or bio_end_io_list. As a result, freeze_array() may unblock before these r1bios are released. This can lead to a situation where conf->raid_disks and the mempool have already been updated while queued r1bios, allocated with the old raid_disks value, are later released. Consequently, free_r1bio() may access memory out of bounds in put_all_bios() and release r1bios of the wrong size to the new mempool, potentially causing issues with the mempool as well. Since only normal I/O might increase nr_queued while an I/O error occurs, suspending the array avoids this issue. Note: Updating raid_disks via ioctl SET_ARRAY_INFO already suspends the array. Therefore, we suspend the array when updating raid_disks via sysfs to avoid this issue too.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ice: Fix PTP NULL pointer dereference during VSI rebuild Fix race condition where PTP periodic work runs while VSI is being rebuilt, accessing NULL vsi->rx_rings. The sequence was: 1. ice_ptp_prepare_for_reset() cancels PTP work 2. ice_ptp_rebuild() immediately queues PTP work 3. VSI rebuild happens AFTER ice_ptp_rebuild() 4. PTP work runs and accesses NULL vsi->rx_rings Fix: Keep PTP work cancelled during rebuild, only queue it after VSI rebuild completes in ice_rebuild(). Added ice_ptp_queue_work() helper function to encapsulate the logic for queuing PTP work, ensuring it's only queued when PTP is supported and the state is ICE_PTP_READY. Error log: [ 121.392544] ice 0000:60:00.1: PTP reset successful [ 121.392692] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 [ 121.392712] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [ 121.392720] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [ 121.392727] PGD 0 [ 121.392734] Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI [ 121.392746] CPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 1005 Comm: ice-ptp-0000:60 Tainted: G S 6.19.0-rc6+ #4 PREEMPT(voluntary) [ 121.392761] Tainted: [S]=CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC [ 121.392773] RIP: 0010:ice_ptp_update_cached_phctime+0xbf/0x150 [ice] [ 121.393042] Call Trace: [ 121.393047] <TASK> [ 121.393055] ice_ptp_periodic_work+0x69/0x180 [ice] [ 121.393202] kthread_worker_fn+0xa2/0x260 [ 121.393216] ? __pfx_ice_ptp_periodic_work+0x10/0x10 [ice] [ 121.393359] ? __pfx_kthread_worker_fn+0x10/0x10 [ 121.393371] kthread+0x10d/0x230 [ 121.393382] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 121.393393] ret_from_fork+0x273/0x2b0 [ 121.393407] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 121.393417] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [ 121.393432] </TASK>

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: macvlan: fix error recovery in macvlan_common_newlink() valis provided a nice repro to crash the kernel: ip link add p1 type veth peer p2 ip link set address 00:00:00:00:00:20 dev p1 ip link set up dev p1 ip link set up dev p2 ip link add mv0 link p2 type macvlan mode source ip link add invalid% link p2 type macvlan mode source macaddr add 00:00:00:00:00:20 ping -c1 -I p1 1.2.3.4 He also gave a very detailed analysis: <quote valis> The issue is triggered when a new macvlan link is created with MACVLAN_MODE_SOURCE mode and MACVLAN_MACADDR_ADD (or MACVLAN_MACADDR_SET) parameter, lower device already has a macvlan port and register_netdevice() called from macvlan_common_newlink() fails (e.g. because of the invalid link name). In this case macvlan_hash_add_source is called from macvlan_change_sources() / macvlan_common_newlink(): This adds a reference to vlan to the port's vlan_source_hash using macvlan_source_entry. vlan is a pointer to the priv data of the link that is being created. When register_netdevice() fails, the error is returned from macvlan_newlink() to rtnl_newlink_create(): if (ops->newlink) err = ops->newlink(dev, &params, extack); else err = register_netdevice(dev); if (err < 0) { free_netdev(dev); goto out; } and free_netdev() is called, causing a kvfree() on the struct net_device that is still referenced in the source entry attached to the lower device's macvlan port. Now all packets sent on the macvlan port with a matching source mac address will trigger a use-after-free in macvlan_forward_source(). </quote valis> With all that, my fix is to make sure we call macvlan_flush_sources() regardless of @create value whenever "goto destroy_macvlan_port;" path is taken. Many thanks to valis for following up on this issue.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: usb-audio: Prevent excessive number of frames In this case, the user constructed the parameters with maxpacksize 40 for rate 22050 / pps 1000, and packsize[0] 22 packsize[1] 23. The buffer size for each data URB is maxpacksize * packets, which in this example is 40 * 6 = 240; When the user performs a write operation to send audio data into the ALSA PCM playback stream, the calculated number of frames is packsize[0] * packets = 264, which exceeds the allocated URB buffer size, triggering the out-of-bounds (OOB) issue reported by syzbot [1]. Added a check for the number of single data URB frames when calculating the number of frames to prevent [1]. [1] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in copy_to_urb+0x261/0x460 sound/usb/pcm.c:1487 Write of size 264 at addr ffff88804337e800 by task syz.0.17/5506 Call Trace: copy_to_urb+0x261/0x460 sound/usb/pcm.c:1487 prepare_playback_urb+0x953/0x13d0 sound/usb/pcm.c:1611 prepare_outbound_urb+0x377/0xc50 sound/usb/endpoint.c:333

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: tegra210-quad: Protect curr_xfer check in IRQ handler Now that all other accesses to curr_xfer are done under the lock, protect the curr_xfer NULL check in tegra_qspi_isr_thread() with the spinlock. Without this protection, the following race can occur: CPU0 (ISR thread) CPU1 (timeout path) ---------------- ------------------- if (!tqspi->curr_xfer) // sees non-NULL spin_lock() tqspi->curr_xfer = NULL spin_unlock() handle_*_xfer() spin_lock() t = tqspi->curr_xfer // NULL! ... t->len ... // NULL dereference! With this patch, all curr_xfer accesses are now properly synchronized. Although all accesses to curr_xfer are done under the lock, in tegra_qspi_isr_thread() it checks for NULL, releases the lock and reacquires it later in handle_cpu_based_xfer()/handle_dma_based_xfer(). There is a potential for an update in between, which could cause a NULL pointer dereference. To handle this, add a NULL check inside the handlers after acquiring the lock. This ensures that if the timeout path has already cleared curr_xfer, the handler will safely return without dereferencing the NULL pointer.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dpaa2-switch: prevent ZERO_SIZE_PTR dereference when num_ifs is zero The driver allocates arrays for ports, FDBs, and filter blocks using kcalloc() with ethsw->sw_attr.num_ifs as the element count. When the device reports zero interfaces (either due to hardware configuration or firmware issues), kcalloc(0, ...) returns ZERO_SIZE_PTR (0x10) instead of NULL. Later in dpaa2_switch_probe(), the NAPI initialization unconditionally accesses ethsw->ports[0]->netdev, which attempts to dereference ZERO_SIZE_PTR (address 0x10), resulting in a kernel panic. Add a check to ensure num_ifs is greater than zero after retrieving device attributes. This prevents the zero-sized allocations and subsequent invalid pointer dereference.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb/client: fix memory leak in smb2_open_file() Reproducer: 1. server: directories are exported read-only 2. client: mount -t cifs //${server_ip}/export /mnt 3. client: dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/file bs=512 count=1000 oflag=direct 4. client: umount /mnt 5. client: sleep 1 6. client: modprobe -r cifs The error message is as follows: ============================================================================= BUG cifs_small_rq (Not tainted): Objects remaining on __kmem_cache_shutdown() ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Object 0x00000000d47521be @offset=14336 ... WARNING: mm/slub.c:1251 at __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x34e/0x440, CPU#0: modprobe/1577 ... Call Trace: <TASK> kmem_cache_destroy+0x94/0x190 cifs_destroy_request_bufs+0x3e/0x50 [cifs] cleanup_module+0x4e/0x540 [cifs] __se_sys_delete_module+0x278/0x400 __x64_sys_delete_module+0x5f/0x70 x64_sys_call+0x2299/0x2ff0 do_syscall_64+0x89/0x350 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e ... kmem_cache_destroy cifs_small_rq: Slab cache still has objects when called from cifs_destroy_request_bufs+0x3e/0x50 [cifs] WARNING: mm/slab_common.c:532 at kmem_cache_destroy+0x16b/0x190, CPU#0: modprobe/1577

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: cls_u32: use skb_header_pointer_careful() skb_header_pointer() does not fully validate negative @offset values. Use skb_header_pointer_careful() instead. GangMin Kim provided a report and a repro fooling u32_classify(): BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in u32_classify+0x1180/0x11b0 net/sched/cls_u32.c:221

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: cpsw_new: Execute ndo_set_rx_mode callback in a work queue Commit 1767bb2d47b7 ("ipv6: mcast: Don't hold RTNL for IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and MCAST_JOIN_GROUP.") removed the RTNL lock for IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and MCAST_JOIN_GROUP operations. However, this change triggered the following call trace on my BeagleBone Black board: WARNING: net/8021q/vlan_core.c:236 at vlan_for_each+0x120/0x124, CPU#0: rpcbind/496 RTNL: assertion failed at net/8021q/vlan_core.c (236) Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 997 PID: 496 Comm: rpcbind Not tainted 6.19.0-rc6-next-20260122-yocto-standard+ #8 PREEMPT Hardware name: Generic AM33XX (Flattened Device Tree) Call trace: unwind_backtrace from show_stack+0x28/0x2c show_stack from dump_stack_lvl+0x30/0x38 dump_stack_lvl from __warn+0xb8/0x11c __warn from warn_slowpath_fmt+0x130/0x194 warn_slowpath_fmt from vlan_for_each+0x120/0x124 vlan_for_each from cpsw_add_mc_addr+0x54/0xd8 cpsw_add_mc_addr from __hw_addr_ref_sync_dev+0xc4/0xec __hw_addr_ref_sync_dev from __dev_mc_add+0x78/0x88 __dev_mc_add from igmp6_group_added+0x84/0xec igmp6_group_added from __ipv6_dev_mc_inc+0x1fc/0x2f0 __ipv6_dev_mc_inc from __ipv6_sock_mc_join+0x124/0x1b4 __ipv6_sock_mc_join from do_ipv6_setsockopt+0x84c/0x1168 do_ipv6_setsockopt from ipv6_setsockopt+0x88/0xc8 ipv6_setsockopt from do_sock_setsockopt+0xe8/0x19c do_sock_setsockopt from __sys_setsockopt+0x84/0xac __sys_setsockopt from ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x5 This trace occurs because vlan_for_each() is called within cpsw_ndo_set_rx_mode(), which expects the RTNL lock to be held. Since modifying vlan_for_each() to operate without the RTNL lock is not straightforward, and because ndo_set_rx_mode() is invoked both with and without the RTNL lock across different code paths, simply adding rtnl_lock() in cpsw_ndo_set_rx_mode() is not a viable solution. To resolve this issue, we opt to execute the actual processing within a work queue, following the approach used by the icssg-prueth driver.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: tegra210-quad: Protect curr_xfer in tegra_qspi_combined_seq_xfer The curr_xfer field is read by the IRQ handler without holding the lock to check if a transfer is in progress. When clearing curr_xfer in the combined sequence transfer loop, protect it with the spinlock to prevent a race with the interrupt handler. Protect the curr_xfer clearing at the exit path of tegra_qspi_combined_seq_xfer() with the spinlock to prevent a race with the interrupt handler that reads this field. Without this protection, the IRQ handler could read a partially updated curr_xfer value, leading to NULL pointer dereference or use-after-free.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ceph: fix oops due to invalid pointer for kfree() in parse_longname() This fixes a kernel oops when reading ceph snapshot directories (.snap), for example by simply running `ls /mnt/my_ceph/.snap`. The variable str is guarded by __free(kfree), but advanced by one for skipping the initial '_' in snapshot names. Thus, kfree() is called with an invalid pointer. This patch removes the need for advancing the pointer so kfree() is called with correct memory pointer. Steps to reproduce: 1. Create snapshots on a cephfs volume (I've 63 snaps in my testcase) 2. Add cephfs mount to fstab $ echo "samba-fileserver@.files=/volumes/datapool/stuff/3461082b-ecc9-4e82-8549-3fd2590d3fb6 /mnt/test/stuff ceph acl,noatime,_netdev 0 0" >> /etc/fstab 3. Reboot the system $ systemctl reboot 4. Check if it's really mounted $ mount | grep stuff 5. List snapshots (expected 63 snapshots on my system) $ ls /mnt/test/stuff/.snap Now ls hangs forever and the kernel log shows the oops.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: Fix ECMP sibling count mismatch when clearing RTF_ADDRCONF syzbot reported a kernel BUG in fib6_add_rt2node() when adding an IPv6 route. [0] Commit f72514b3c569 ("ipv6: clear RA flags when adding a static route") introduced logic to clear RTF_ADDRCONF from existing routes when a static route with the same nexthop is added. However, this causes a problem when the existing route has a gateway. When RTF_ADDRCONF is cleared from a route that has a gateway, that route becomes eligible for ECMP, i.e. rt6_qualify_for_ecmp() returns true. The issue is that this route was never added to the fib6_siblings list. This leads to a mismatch between the following counts: - The sibling count computed by iterating fib6_next chain, which includes the newly ECMP-eligible route - The actual siblings in fib6_siblings list, which does not include that route When a subsequent ECMP route is added, fib6_add_rt2node() hits BUG_ON(sibling->fib6_nsiblings != rt->fib6_nsiblings) because the counts don't match. Fix this by only clearing RTF_ADDRCONF when the existing route does not have a gateway. Routes without a gateway cannot qualify for ECMP anyway (rt6_qualify_for_ecmp() requires fib_nh_gw_family), so clearing RTF_ADDRCONF on them is safe and matches the original intent of the commit. [0]: kernel BUG at net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c:1217! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6010 Comm: syz.0.17 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 RIP: 0010:fib6_add_rt2node+0x3433/0x3470 net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c:1217 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> fib6_add+0x8da/0x18a0 net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c:1532 __ip6_ins_rt net/ipv6/route.c:1351 [inline] ip6_route_add+0xde/0x1b0 net/ipv6/route.c:3946 ipv6_route_ioctl+0x35c/0x480 net/ipv6/route.c:4571 inet6_ioctl+0x219/0x280 net/ipv6/af_inet6.c:577 sock_do_ioctl+0xdc/0x300 net/socket.c:1245 sock_ioctl+0x576/0x790 net/socket.c:1366 vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:597 [inline] __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:583 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: procfs: avoid fetching build ID while holding VMA lock Fix PROCMAP_QUERY to fetch optional build ID only after dropping mmap_lock or per-VMA lock, whichever was used to lock VMA under question, to avoid deadlock reported by syzbot: -> #1 (&mm->mmap_lock){++++}-{4:4}: __might_fault+0xed/0x170 _copy_to_iter+0x118/0x1720 copy_page_to_iter+0x12d/0x1e0 filemap_read+0x720/0x10a0 blkdev_read_iter+0x2b5/0x4e0 vfs_read+0x7f4/0xae0 ksys_read+0x12a/0x250 do_syscall_64+0xcb/0xf80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f -> #0 (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8){++++}-{4:4}: __lock_acquire+0x1509/0x26d0 lock_acquire+0x185/0x340 down_read+0x98/0x490 blkdev_read_iter+0x2a7/0x4e0 __kernel_read+0x39a/0xa90 freader_fetch+0x1d5/0xa80 __build_id_parse.isra.0+0xea/0x6a0 do_procmap_query+0xd75/0x1050 procfs_procmap_ioctl+0x7a/0xb0 __x64_sys_ioctl+0x18e/0x210 do_syscall_64+0xcb/0xf80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- rlock(&mm->mmap_lock); lock(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8); lock(&mm->mmap_lock); rlock(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8); *** DEADLOCK *** This seems to be exacerbated (as we haven't seen these syzbot reports before that) by the recent: 777a8560fd29 ("lib/buildid: use __kernel_read() for sleepable context") To make this safe, we need to grab file refcount while VMA is still locked, but other than that everything is pretty straightforward. Internal build_id_parse() API assumes VMA is passed, but it only needs the underlying file reference, so just add another variant build_id_parse_file() that expects file passed directly. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up kerneldoc]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: Don't clobber irqfd routing type when deassigning irqfd When deassigning a KVM_IRQFD, don't clobber the irqfd's copy of the IRQ's routing entry as doing so breaks kvm_arch_irq_bypass_del_producer() on x86 and arm64, which explicitly look for KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_MSI. Instead, to handle a concurrent routing update, verify that the irqfd is still active before consuming the routing information. As evidenced by the x86 and arm64 bugs, and another bug in kvm_arch_update_irqfd_routing() (see below), clobbering the entry type without notifying arch code is surprising and error prone. As a bonus, checking that the irqfd is active provides a convenient location for documenting _why_ KVM must not consume the routing entry for an irqfd that is in the process of being deassigned: once the irqfd is deleted from the list (which happens *before* the eventfd is detached), it will no longer receive updates via kvm_irq_routing_update(), and so KVM could deliver an event using stale routing information (relative to KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING returning to userspace). As an even better bonus, explicitly checking for the irqfd being active fixes a similar bug to the one the clobbering is trying to prevent: if an irqfd is deactivated, and then its routing is changed, kvm_irq_routing_update() won't invoke kvm_arch_update_irqfd_routing() (because the irqfd isn't in the list). And so if the irqfd is in bypass mode, IRQs will continue to be posted using the old routing information. As for kvm_arch_irq_bypass_del_producer(), clobbering the routing type results in KVM incorrectly keeping the IRQ in bypass mode, which is especially problematic on AMD as KVM tracks IRQs that are being posted to a vCPU in a list whose lifetime is tied to the irqfd. Without the help of KASAN to detect use-after-free, the most common sympton on AMD is a NULL pointer deref in amd_iommu_update_ga() due to the memory for irqfd structure being re-allocated and zeroed, resulting in irqfd->irq_bypass_data being NULL when read by avic_update_iommu_vcpu_affinity(): BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 40cf2b9067 P4D 40cf2b9067 PUD 408362a067 PMD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 40383 Comm: vfio_irq_test Tainted: G U W O 6.19.0-smp--5dddc257e6b2-irqfd #31 NONE Tainted: [U]=USER, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 34.78.2-0 09/05/2025 RIP: 0010:amd_iommu_update_ga+0x19/0xe0 Call Trace: <TASK> avic_update_iommu_vcpu_affinity+0x3d/0x90 [kvm_amd] __avic_vcpu_load+0xf4/0x130 [kvm_amd] kvm_arch_vcpu_load+0x89/0x210 [kvm] vcpu_load+0x30/0x40 [kvm] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x45/0x620 [kvm] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x571/0x6a0 [kvm] __se_sys_ioctl+0x6d/0xb0 do_syscall_64+0x6f/0x9d0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 RIP: 0033:0x46893b </TASK> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- If AVIC is inhibited when the irfd is deassigned, the bug will manifest as list corruption, e.g. on the next irqfd assignment. list_add corruption. next->prev should be prev (ffff8d474d5cd588), but was 0000000000000000. (next=ffff8d8658f86530). ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:31! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 128 UID: 0 PID: 80818 Comm: vfio_irq_test Tainted: G U W O 6.19.0-smp--f19dc4d680ba-irqfd #28 NONE Tainted: [U]=USER, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 34.78.2-0 09/05/2025 RIP: 0010:__list_add_valid_or_report+0x97/0xc0 Call Trace: <TASK> avic_pi_update_irte+0x28e/0x2b0 [kvm_amd] kvm_pi_update_irte+0xbf/0x190 [kvm] kvm_arch_irq_bypass_add_producer+0x72/0x90 [kvm] irq_bypass_register_consumer+0xcd/0x170 [irqbypa ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i2c: imx: preserve error state in block data length handler When a block read returns an invalid length, zero or >I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX, the length handler sets the state to IMX_I2C_STATE_FAILED. However, i2c_imx_master_isr() unconditionally overwrites this with IMX_I2C_STATE_READ_CONTINUE, causing an endless read loop that overruns buffers and crashes the system. Guard the state transition to preserve error states set by the length handler.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: Intel-thc-hid: Intel-thc: Add safety check for reading DMA buffer Add DMA buffer readiness check before reading DMA buffer to avoid unexpected NULL pointer accessing.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cgroup/dmem: avoid pool UAF An UAF issue was observed: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in page_counter_uncharge+0x65/0x150 Write of size 8 at addr ffff888106715440 by task insmod/527 CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 527 Comm: insmod 6.19.0-rc7-next-20260129+ #11 Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x82/0xd0 kasan_report+0xca/0x100 kasan_check_range+0x39/0x1c0 page_counter_uncharge+0x65/0x150 dmem_cgroup_uncharge+0x1f/0x260 Allocated by task 527: Freed by task 0: The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888106715400 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-512 of size 512 The buggy address is located 64 bytes inside of freed 512-byte region [ffff888106715400, ffff888106715600) The buggy address belongs to the physical page: Memory state around the buggy address: ffff888106715300: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff888106715380: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc >ffff888106715400: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff888106715480: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff888106715500: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb The issue occurs because a pool can still be held by a caller after its associated memory region is unregistered. The current implementation frees the pool even if users still hold references to it (e.g., before uncharge operations complete). This patch adds a reference counter to each pool, ensuring that a pool is only freed when its reference count drops to zero.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rust_binder: correctly handle FDA objects of length zero Fix a bug where an empty FDA (fd array) object with 0 fds would cause an out-of-bounds error. The previous implementation used `skip == 0` to mean "this is a pointer fixup", but 0 is also the correct skip length for an empty FDA. If the FDA is at the end of the buffer, then this results in an attempt to write 8-bytes out of bounds. This is caught and results in an EINVAL error being returned to userspace. The pattern of using `skip == 0` as a special value originates from the C-implementation of Binder. As part of fixing this bug, this pattern is replaced with a Rust enum. I considered the alternate option of not pushing a fixup when the length is zero, but I think it's cleaner to just get rid of the zero-is-special stuff. The root cause of this bug was diagnosed by Gemini CLI on first try. I used the following prompt: > There appears to be a bug in @drivers/android/binder/thread.rs where > the Fixups oob bug is triggered with 316 304 316 324. This implies > that we somehow ended up with a fixup where buffer A has a pointer to > buffer B, but the pointer is located at an index in buffer A that is > out of bounds. Please investigate the code to find the bug. You may > compare with @drivers/android/binder.c that implements this correctly.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: target: iscsi: Fix use-after-free in iscsit_dec_session_usage_count() In iscsit_dec_session_usage_count(), the function calls complete() while holding the sess->session_usage_lock. Similar to the connection usage count logic, the waiter signaled by complete() (e.g., in the session release path) may wake up and free the iscsit_session structure immediately. This creates a race condition where the current thread may attempt to execute spin_unlock_bh() on a session structure that has already been deallocated, resulting in a KASAN slab-use-after-free. To resolve this, release the session_usage_lock before calling complete() to ensure all dereferences of the sess pointer are finished before the waiter is allowed to proceed with deallocation.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: linkwatch: use __dev_put() in callers to prevent UAF After linkwatch_do_dev() calls __dev_put() to release the linkwatch reference, the device refcount may drop to 1. At this point, netdev_run_todo() can proceed (since linkwatch_sync_dev() sees an empty list and returns without blocking), wait for the refcount to become 1 via netdev_wait_allrefs_any(), and then free the device via kobject_put(). This creates a use-after-free when __linkwatch_run_queue() tries to call netdev_unlock_ops() on the already-freed device. Note that adding netdev_lock_ops()/netdev_unlock_ops() pair in netdev_run_todo() before kobject_put() would not work, because netdev_lock_ops() is conditional - it only locks when netdev_need_ops_lock() returns true. If the device doesn't require ops_lock, linkwatch won't hold any lock, and netdev_run_todo() acquiring the lock won't provide synchronization. Fix this by moving __dev_put() from linkwatch_do_dev() to its callers. The device reference logically pairs with de-listing the device, so it's reasonable for the caller that did the de-listing to release it. This allows placing __dev_put() after all device accesses are complete, preventing UAF. The bug can be reproduced by adding mdelay(2000) after linkwatch_do_dev() in __linkwatch_run_queue(), then running: ip tuntap add mode tun name tun_test ip link set tun_test up ip link set tun_test carrier off ip link set tun_test carrier on sleep 0.5 ip tuntap del mode tun name tun_test KASAN report: ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in netdev_need_ops_lock include/net/netdev_lock.h:33 [inline] BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in netdev_unlock_ops include/net/netdev_lock.h:47 [inline] BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __linkwatch_run_queue+0x865/0x8a0 net/core/link_watch.c:245 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88804de5c008 by task kworker/u32:10/8123 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 8123 Comm: kworker/u32:10 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 Workqueue: events_unbound linkwatch_event Call Trace: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0x156/0x4c9 mm/kasan/report.c:482 kasan_report+0xdf/0x1a0 mm/kasan/report.c:595 netdev_need_ops_lock include/net/netdev_lock.h:33 [inline] netdev_unlock_ops include/net/netdev_lock.h:47 [inline] __linkwatch_run_queue+0x865/0x8a0 net/core/link_watch.c:245 linkwatch_event+0x8f/0xc0 net/core/link_watch.c:304 process_one_work+0x9c2/0x1840 kernel/workqueue.c:3257 process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3340 [inline] worker_thread+0x5da/0xe40 kernel/workqueue.c:3421 kthread+0x3b3/0x730 kernel/kthread.c:463 ret_from_fork+0x754/0xaf0 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246 </TASK> ==================================================================

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: aloop: Fix racy access at PCM trigger The PCM trigger callback of aloop driver tries to check the PCM state and stop the stream of the tied substream in the corresponding cable. Since both check and stop operations are performed outside the cable lock, this may result in UAF when a program attempts to trigger frequently while opening/closing the tied stream, as spotted by fuzzers. For addressing the UAF, this patch changes two things: - It covers the most of code in loopback_check_format() with cable->lock spinlock, and add the proper NULL checks. This avoids already some racy accesses. - In addition, now we try to check the state of the capture PCM stream that may be stopped in this function, which was the major pain point leading to UAF.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: amd: fix memory leak in acp3x pdm dma ops

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ceph: fix NULL pointer dereference in ceph_mds_auth_match() The CephFS kernel client has regression starting from 6.18-rc1. We have issue in ceph_mds_auth_match() if fs_name == NULL: const char fs_name = mdsc->fsc->mount_options->mds_namespace; ... if (auth->match.fs_name && strcmp(auth->match.fs_name, fs_name)) { / fsname mismatch, try next one */ return 0; } Patrick Donnelly suggested that: In summary, we should definitely start decoding `fs_name` from the MDSMap and do strict authorizations checks against it. Note that the `-o mds_namespace=foo` should only be used for selecting the file system to mount and nothing else. It's possible no mds_namespace is specified but the kernel will mount the only file system that exists which may have name "foo". This patch reworks ceph_mdsmap_decode() and namespace_equals() with the goal of supporting the suggested concept. Now struct ceph_mdsmap contains m_fs_name field that receives copy of extracted FS name by ceph_extract_encoded_string(). For the case of "old" CephFS file systems, it is used "cephfs" name. [ idryomov: replace redundant %*pE with %s in ceph_mdsmap_decode(), get rid of a series of strlen() calls in ceph_namespace_match(), drop changes to namespace_equals() body to avoid treating empty mds_namespace as equal, drop changes to ceph_mdsc_handle_fsmap() as namespace_equals() isn't an equivalent substitution there ]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: usb: r8152: fix resume reset deadlock rtl8152 can trigger device reset during reset which potentially can result in a deadlock: **** DPM device timeout after 10 seconds; 15 seconds until panic **** Call Trace: <TASK> schedule+0x483/0x1370 schedule_preempt_disabled+0x15/0x30 __mutex_lock_common+0x1fd/0x470 __rtl8152_set_mac_address+0x80/0x1f0 dev_set_mac_address+0x7f/0x150 rtl8152_post_reset+0x72/0x150 usb_reset_device+0x1d0/0x220 rtl8152_resume+0x99/0xc0 usb_resume_interface+0x3e/0xc0 usb_resume_both+0x104/0x150 usb_resume+0x22/0x110 The problem is that rtl8152 resume calls reset under tp->control mutex while reset basically re-enters rtl8152 and attempts to acquire the same tp->control lock once again. Reset INACCESSIBLE device outside of tp->control mutex scope to avoid recursive mutex_lock() deadlock.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pmdomain: imx8m-blk-ctrl: fix out-of-range access of bc->domains Fix out-of-range access of bc->domains in imx8m_blk_ctrl_remove().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (acpi_power_meter) Fix deadlocks related to acpi_power_meter_notify() The acpi_power_meter driver's .notify() callback function, acpi_power_meter_notify(), calls hwmon_device_unregister() under a lock that is also acquired by callbacks in sysfs attributes of the device being unregistered which is prone to deadlocks between sysfs access and device removal. Address this by moving the hwmon device removal in acpi_power_meter_notify() outside the lock in question, but notice that doing it alone is not sufficient because two concurrent METER_NOTIFY_CONFIG notifications may be attempting to remove the same device at the same time. To prevent that from happening, add a new lock serializing the execution of the switch () statement in acpi_power_meter_notify(). For simplicity, it is a static mutex which should not be a problem from the performance perspective. The new lock also allows the hwmon_device_register_with_info() in acpi_power_meter_notify() to be called outside the inner lock because it prevents the other notifications handled by that function from manipulating the "resource" object while the hwmon device based on it is being registered. The sending of ACPI netlink messages from acpi_power_meter_notify() is serialized by the new lock too which generally helps to ensure that the order of handling firmware notifications is the same as the order of sending netlink messages related to them. In addition, notice that hwmon_device_register_with_info() may fail in which case resource->hwmon_dev will become an error pointer, so add checks to avoid attempting to unregister the hwmon device pointer to by it in that case to acpi_power_meter_notify() and acpi_power_meter_remove().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: iwlwifi: mld: cancel mlo_scan_start_wk mlo_scan_start_wk is not canceled on disconnection. In fact, it is not canceled anywhere except in the restart cleanup, where we don't really have to. This can cause an init-after-queue issue: if, for example, the work was queued and then drv_change_interface got executed. This can also cause use-after-free: if the work is executed after the vif is freed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: binder: fix UAF in binder_netlink_report() Oneway transactions sent to frozen targets via binder_proc_transaction() return a BR_TRANSACTION_PENDING_FROZEN error but they are still treated as successful since the target is expected to thaw at some point. It is then not safe to access 't' after BR_TRANSACTION_PENDING_FROZEN errors as the transaction could have been consumed by the now thawed target. This is the case for binder_netlink_report() which derreferences 't' after a pending frozen error, as pointed out by the following KASAN report: ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in binder_netlink_report.isra.0+0x694/0x6c8 Read of size 8 at addr ffff00000f98ba38 by task binder-util/522 CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 522 Comm: binder-util Not tainted 6.19.0-rc6-00015-gc03e9c42ae8f #1 PREEMPT Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) Call trace: binder_netlink_report.isra.0+0x694/0x6c8 binder_transaction+0x66e4/0x79b8 binder_thread_write+0xab4/0x4440 binder_ioctl+0x1fd4/0x2940 [...] Allocated by task 522: __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x17c/0x50c binder_transaction+0x584/0x79b8 binder_thread_write+0xab4/0x4440 binder_ioctl+0x1fd4/0x2940 [...] Freed by task 488: kfree+0x1d0/0x420 binder_free_transaction+0x150/0x234 binder_thread_read+0x2d08/0x3ce4 binder_ioctl+0x488/0x2940 [...] ================================================================== Instead, make a transaction copy so the data can be safely accessed by binder_netlink_report() after a pending frozen error. While here, add a comment about not using t->buffer in binder_netlink_report().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb/server: fix refcount leak in smb2_open() When ksmbd_vfs_getattr() fails, the reference count of ksmbd_file must be released.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: wlcore: ensure skb headroom before skb_push This avoids occasional skb_under_panic Oops from wl1271_tx_work. In this case, headroom is less than needed (typically 110 - 94 = 16 bytes).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dmaengine: mmp_pdma: Fix race condition in mmp_pdma_residue() Add proper locking in mmp_pdma_residue() to prevent use-after-free when accessing descriptor list and descriptor contents. The race occurs when multiple threads call tx_status() while the tasklet on another CPU is freeing completed descriptors: CPU 0 CPU 1 ----- ----- mmp_pdma_tx_status() mmp_pdma_residue() -> NO LOCK held list_for_each_entry(sw, ..) DMA interrupt dma_do_tasklet() -> spin_lock(&desc_lock) list_move(sw->node, ...) spin_unlock(&desc_lock) | dma_pool_free(sw) <- FREED! -> access sw->desc <- UAF! This issue can be reproduced when running dmatest on the same channel with multiple threads (threads_per_chan > 1). Fix by protecting the chain_running list iteration and descriptor access with the chan->desc_lock spinlock.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb/server: call ksmbd_session_rpc_close() on error path in create_smb2_pipe() When ksmbd_iov_pin_rsp() fails, we should call ksmbd_session_rpc_close().