VPN vulnerabilities

An improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.9 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the FortiCloud SSO login authentication via a crafted SAML response message.

A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.10, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.14, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.21, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the FortiCloud SSO login authentication via a crafted SAML response message.

An insertion of sensitive information into log file vulnerability [CWE-532] in FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, 7.0 all versions; FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.0 through 7.2.11; FortiPAM 1.4 all versions, 1.3 all versions, 1.2 all versions, 1.1 all versions, 1.0 all versions and FortiSRA 1.4 all versions may allow a read-only administrator to retrieve API tokens of other administrators via observing REST API logs, if REST API logging is enabled (non-default configuration).

A Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the SonicOS SSLVPN service allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause Denial of Service (DoS), which could cause an impacted firewall to crash.

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.3.b allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets

An Improper Privilege Management vulnerability [CWE-269] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.6.0, FortiPAM 1.5 all versions, FortiPAM 1.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.91 may allow an authenticated administrator to bypass the trusted host policy via crafted CLI command.

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets

An Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control vulnerability [CWE-782] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClientWindows 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, FortiClientWindows 7.2.0 through 7.2.9 may allow an authenticated local user to execute unauthorized code via fortips driver. Success of the attack would require bypassing the Windows memory protections such as Heap integrity and HSP. In addition, it requires a valid and running VPN IPSec connection.

When a BIG-IP APM access policy is configured on a virtual server, specific malicious traffic can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE).   Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

An Unchecked Return Value vulnerability [CWE-252] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.6.0 through 7.6.3 and before 7.4.8 API allows an authenticated user to cause a Null Pointer Dereference, crashing the http daemon via a specialy crafted request.

An Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability [CWE-122] in FortiOS version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.7 and below, version 7.2.10 and below, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions; FortiPAM version 1.5.0, version 1.4.2 and below, 1.3 all versions, 1.2 all versions, 1.1 all versions, 1.0 all versions and FortiProxy version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.3 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions RDP bookmark connection may allow an authenticated user to execute unauthorized code via crafted requests.

An Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality vulnerability [CWE-684] in FortiOS 7.6.0, 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, 7.2.5 through 7.2.10, 7.0.0 through 7.0.15, 6.4 all versions may allow a local authenticated attacker to execute system commands via crafted CLI commands.

An improper authorization vulnerability [CWE-285] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.1, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.11, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions allows an authenticated attacker to access static files of others VDOMs via crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests.

An URL Redirection to Untrusted Site vulnerabilities [CWE-601] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform an open redirect attack via crafted HTTP requests.

A insertion of sensitive information into log file vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4 all versions, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.13, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions may allow attacker to information disclosure via <insert attack vector here>

An Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability [CWE-79] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform a reflected cross site scripting (XSS) via crafted HTTP requests.

An Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard vulnerability [CWE-358] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0.1 through 7.0.22 may allow an unauthenticated proxy user to bypass the domain fronting protection feature via crafted HTTP requests.

An Insufficient Session Expiration vulnerability [CWE-613] in FortiOS SSL VPN 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, 7.0.0 through 7.0.16, 6.4 all versions may allow a remote attacker (e.g. a former admin whose account was removed and whose session was terminated) in possession of the SAML record of a user session to access or re-open that session via re-use of SAML record.

A heap-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiSRA 1.5.0, 1.4.0 through 1.4.2, FortiPAM 1.5.0, 1.4.0 through 1.4.2, 1.3.0 through 1.3.1, 1.2.0, 1.1.0 through 1.1.2, 1.0.0 through 1.0.3, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, 7.0.2 through 7.0.16, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.1 through 7.2.5 allows attackers to escalate their privilege via specially crafted http requests.

An Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch vulnerability [CWE-297] in FortiProxy version 7.6.1 and below, version 7.4.8 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions and FortiOS version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.8 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions ZTNA proxy may allow an unauthenticated attacker in a man-in-the middle position to intercept and tamper with connections to the ZTNA proxy

A insertion of sensitive information into sent data vulnerability in Fortinet FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiMail 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiMail 7.0 all versions, FortiManager 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiManager 7.4.1 through 7.4.3, FortiManager Cloud 7.4.1 through 7.4.3, FortiNDR 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiNDR 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiNDR 7.2 all versions, FortiNDR 7.1 all versions, FortiNDR 7.0 all versions, FortiNDR 1.5 all versions, FortiOS 7.6.0, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.15, FortiOS 6.4.0 through 6.4.15, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions, FortiProxy 1.2 all versions, FortiProxy 1.1 all versions, FortiProxy 1.0 all versions, FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiTester 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiTester 7.3 all versions, FortiTester 7.2 all versions, FortiTester 7.1 all versions, FortiTester 7.0 all versions, FortiTester 4.2 all versions, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.9, FortiVoice 6.0.7 through 6.0.12, FortiWeb 7.6.0, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiWeb 7.2 all versions, FortiWeb 7.0 all versions, FortiWeb 6.4 all versions allows attacker to disclose sensitive information via specially crafted packets.

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiAnalyzer 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, FortiAnalyzer 7.2.0 through 7.2.9, FortiAnalyzer 7.0.0 through 7.0.13, FortiAnalyzer 6.4 all versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.2 all versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0 all versions, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 7.4.1 through 7.4.5, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 7.2.1 through 7.2.9, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 7.0.1 through 7.0.13, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 6.4 all versions, FortiManager 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiManager 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, FortiManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.9, FortiManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.13, FortiManager 6.4 all versions, FortiManager 6.2 all versions, FortiManager 6.0 all versions, FortiManager Cloud 7.6.2, FortiManager Cloud 7.4.1 through 7.4.5, FortiManager Cloud 7.2.1 through 7.2.9, FortiManager Cloud 7.0.1 through 7.0.13, FortiManager Cloud 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.16, FortiOS 6.4.0 through 6.4.15, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.19, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions, FortiProxy 1.2 all versions, FortiProxy 1.1 all versions, FortiProxy 1.0 all versions allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted requests.

An improper check or handling of exceptional conditions vulnerability [CWE-703] in FortiOS version 7.4.0 through 7.4.3 and before 7.2.7, FortiProxy version 7.4.0 through 7.4.3 and before 7.2.9, FortiPAM before 1.2.0 and FortiSwitchManager version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3 and version 7.0.0 through 7.0.3 fgfm daemon may allow an unauthenticated attacker to repeatedly reset the fgfm connection via crafted SSL encrypted TCP requests.

A stack-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.7 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.12 and 6.4.6 through 6.4.15 and 6.2.9 through 6.2.16 and 6.0.13 through 6.0.18 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted CLI commands.

An Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability [CWE-288] in FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, 7.0.6 and above; and FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, 7.2 all versions, 7.0.5 and above may allow an authenticated attacker to elevate their privileges via triggering a malicious Webhook action in the Automation Stitch component.

Update: On November 5, 2025, Cisco became aware of a new attack variant against devices running Cisco Secure ASA Software or Cisco Secure FTD Software releases that are affected by CVE-2025-20333 and CVE-2025-20362. This attack can cause unpatched devices to unexpectedly reload, leading to denial of service (DoS) conditions. Cisco strongly recommends that all customers upgrade to the fixed software releases that are listed in the Fixed Software ["#fs"] section of this advisory. A vulnerability in the VPN web server of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access restricted URL endpoints that are related to remote access VPN that should otherwise be inaccessible without authentication. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP(S) requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted web server on a device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access a restricted URL without authentication.

A vulnerability in the VPN web server of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP(S) requests. An attacker with valid VPN user credentials could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as root, possibly resulting in the complete compromise of the affected device.

A vulnerability in the web services of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software, Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software, Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, and Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker (Cisco ASA and FTD Software) or authenticated, remote attacker (Cisco IOS, IOS XE, and IOS XR Software) with low user privileges to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted web service on an affected device after obtaining additional information about the system, overcoming exploit mitigations, or both. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as root, which may lead to the complete compromise of the affected device. For more information about this vulnerability, see the Details ["#details"] section of this advisory.

A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user arguments that are passed to specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to the device CLI with valid administrative (level 15) credentials and using crafted commands at the CLI prompt. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root.

A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow the following: An authenticated, remote attacker with low privileges could cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device that is running Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software. To cause the DoS, the attacker must have the SNMPv2c or earlier read-only community string or valid SNMPv3 user credentials. An authenticated, remote attacker with high privileges could execute code as the root user on an affected device that is running Cisco IOS XE Software. To execute code as the root user, the attacker must have the SNMPv1 or v2c read-only community string or valid SNMPv3 user credentials and administrative or privilege 15 credentials on the affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted SNMP packet to an affected device over IPv4 or IPv6 networks. This vulnerability is due to a stack overflow condition in the SNMP subsystem of the affected software. A successful exploit could allow a low-privileged attacker to cause the affected system to reload, resulting in a DoS condition, or allow a high-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user and obtain full control of the affected system. Note: This vulnerability affects all versions of SNMP.

An incorrect privilege assignment vulnerability [CWE-266] in FortiOS Security Fabric version 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions, may allow a remote authenticated attacker with high privileges to escalate their privileges to super-admin via registering the device to a malicious FortiManager.

An Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability [CWE-190] in FortiOS version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.7 and below, version 7.2.10 and below, 7.2 all versions, 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.3 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 2.0 all versions and FortiPAM version 1.5.0, version 1.4.2 and below, 1.3 all versions, 1.2 all versions, 1.1 all versions, 1.0 all versions SSL-VPN RDP and VNC bookmarks may allow an authenticated user to affect the device SSL-VPN availability via crafted requests.

An authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel [CWE-288] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 6.4.0 through 6.4.15, FortiOS 6.2.0 through 6.2.16, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2.0, FortiPAM 1.1.0 through 1.1.2, FortiPAM 1.0.0 through 1.0.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.15, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.3 allows an unauthenticated attacker to seize control of a managed device via crafted FGFM requests, if the device is managed by a FortiManager, and if the attacker knows that FortiManager's serial number.

A double free vulnerability [CWE-415] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.12, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.1, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.13 allows a privileged attacker to execute code or commands via crafted HTTP or HTTPs requests.

Use of Externally-Controlled Format String vulnerability in the SonicOS SSL VPN interface allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause service disruption.

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiOS 7.2.4 through 7.2.12 allows an attacker to escalate its privileges via a specially crafted CLI command

An Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard vulnerability [CWE-358] in FortiOS version 7.6.0, version 7.4.7 and below, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions and FortiProxy version 7.6.1 and below, version 7.4.8 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions may allow a remote unauthenticated user to bypass the DNS filter via Apple devices.

A missing critical step in authentication vulnerability [CWE-304] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, and before 7.0.16 & FortiProxy version 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, 7.2.0 through 7.2.13 and before 7.0.20 allows an API-user using api-key + PKI user certificate authentication to login even if the certificate is invalid.

An Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability [CWE-200] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiSASE 25.1.c may allow an authenticated user to access full SSL-VPN settings via crafted URL.

An Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability [CWE-295] in FortiOS version 7.6.1 and below, version 7.4.7 and below may allow an EAP verified remote user to connect from FortiClient via revoked certificate.

An Improper Privilege Management vulnerability [CWE-269] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.16, FortiOS 6.4.0 through 6.4.15, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.6 allows an authenticated attacker with at least read-only admin permissions to gain super-admin privileges via crafted requests to Node.js websocket module.

An improper restriction of communication channel to intended endpoints vulnerability [CWE-923] in FortiOS 7.6.0, 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions may allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject unauthorized sessions via crafted FGSP session synchronization packets.

A channel accessible by non-endpoint vulnerability [CWE-300] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.0 through 7.2.7 and before 7.0.14 & FortiProxy version 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.0 through 7.2.9 and before 7.0.16 allows an unauthenticated attacker with the knowledge of device specific data to spoof the identity of a downstream device of the security fabric via crafted TCP requests.

An Insufficient Session Expiration vulnerability [CWE-613] in FortiOS SSL-VPN version 7.6.0, version 7.4.6 and below, version 7.2.10 and below, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions may allow an attacker in possession of a cookie used to log in the SSL-VPN portal to log in again, although the session has expired or was logged out.

A buffer over-read in Fortinet FortiOS versions 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, versions 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, and versions 7.0.0 through 7.0.14 may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to crash the FGFM daemon via a specially crafted request, under rare conditions that are outside of the attacker's control.

A integer overflow or wraparound in Fortinet FortiOS versions 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, versions 7.0.0 through 7.0.14 may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to crash the csfd daemon via a specially crafted request.

A missing authentication for critical function in Fortinet FortiProxy versions 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiSwitchManager version 7.2.5, and FortiOS versions 7.4.4 through 7.4.6 and version 7.6.0 may allow an attacker with knowledge of an existing admin account to access the device as a valid admin via an authentication bypass.

A reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the GlobalProtect™ gateway and portal features of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables execution of malicious JavaScript in the context of an authenticated Captive Portal user's browser when they click on a specially crafted link. The primary risk is phishing attacks that can lead to credential theft—particularly if you enabled Clientless VPN. There is no availability impact to GlobalProtect features or GlobalProtect users. Attackers cannot use this vulnerability to tamper with or modify contents or configurations of the GlobalProtect portal or gateways. The integrity impact of this vulnerability is limited to enabling an attacker to create phishing and credential-stealing links that appear to be hosted on the GlobalProtect portal. For GlobalProtect users with Clientless VPN enabled, there is a limited impact on confidentiality due to inherent risks of Clientless VPN that facilitate credential theft. You can read more about this risk in the informational bulletin PAN-SA-2025-0005 https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/PAN-SA-2025-0005 https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/PAN-SA-2025-0005 . There is no impact to confidentiality for GlobalProtect users if you did not enable (or you disable) Clientless VPN.

A vulnerability in the packet filtering features of Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic filters. This vulnerability is due to improper traffic filtering conditions on an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted packet to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass the Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic filters and inject a crafted packet into the network.

A vulnerability in the Network Configuration Access Control Module (NACM) of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain unauthorized read access to configuration or operational data. This vulnerability exists because a subtle change in inner API call behavior causes results to be filtered incorrectly. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using either NETCONF, RESTCONF, or gRPC Network Management Interface (gNMI) protocols and query data on paths that may have been denied by the NACM configuration. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access data that should have been restricted according to the NACM configuration. Note: This vulnerability requires that the attacker obtain the credentials from a valid user with privileges lower than 15, and that NACM was configured to provide restricted read access for that user.