IoT vulnerabilities

MikroTik RouterOS contains a weakness in its API authentication handling that lacks effective safeguards against excessive login attempts. The system does not enforce meaningful rate-limiting, account lockout, or source-based restrictions, allowing repeated authentication failures to proceed without defensive response. In some versions, a fixed per-connection delay is present, but it can be bypassed through concurrent sessions, resulting in continued high-volume attempts. This deficiency increases the risk that an attacker could eventually obtain valid credentials and gain unauthorized access to administrative services.

VeloCloud Orchestrator (VCO) on-prem has a security issue where this issue may allow a remote attacker to access privileged internal functionality and impact the VCO host. Successful exploitation may compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the orchestrator and data managed by the orchestrator. This functionality was intended to be for internal use only and is not intended to be remotely accessible. Hosted and Dedicated versions of VCO have already been patched in advance of this notice going out. This issue was discovered externally and is known to be actively exploited.

An issue was discovered in router/upnp/src/ssdp.c in DD-WRT before 45724. An unsafe strcpy in the UPnP handling functionality allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to send a request that would overflow an internal fixed buffer. Exploitation requires the DD-WRT user to enable UPnP (which is off by default, and only listens on internal interfaces by default). This occurs in ssdp_msearch (reachable by an M-SEARCH request).

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to achieve code execution due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Improper Input Validation vulnerability found in UniFi OS devices to execute a Command Injection.

A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit a Path Traversal vulnerability found in UniFi OS devices to access files on the underlying system that could be manipulated to access an underlying account.

A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Improper Access Control vulnerability found in UniFi OS devices to make unauthorized changes to the system.

May 2026: This security advisory provides the details and fix information for a vulnerability that was discovered and fixed after the was disclosed in February 2026. This new advisory is for a new vulnerability in the control connection handshaking. The section of this advisory includes Show Control Connections guidance to help with system checks.  A vulnerability in the peering authentication in Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller, formerly SD-WAN vSmart, Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly SD-WAN vManage, and Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Validator, formerly SD-WAN vBond, could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and obtain administrative privileges on an affected system. This vulnerability exists because the peering authentication mechanism in an affected system is not working properly. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted requests to the affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to log in to an affected Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller as an internal, high-privileged, non-root user account. Using this account, the attacker could access NETCONF, which would then allow the attacker to manipulate network configuration for the SD-WAN fabric.

Buffer overflow due to incorrect authorization in PLC FW

Memory corruption while processing IOCTL command when device is in power-save state.

Memory corruption while creating a process on the digital signal processor due to allocation failure at the kernel level.

Information Disclosure while processing IOCTL handler callbacks without verifying buffer size.

Memory corruption when processing camera sensor input/output control codes with invalid output buffers.

Transient DOS when processing a malformed Fast Transition response frame with an invalid header structure during wireless roaming.

Transient DOS when processing target power rate tables during channel configuration.

Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Azure IOT Central allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. The RC endpoint `options/set` is exposed without `AuthRequired: true`, but it can mutate global runtime configuration, including the RC option block itself. Starting in version 1.45.0 and prior to version 1.73.5, an unauthenticated attacker can set `rc.NoAuth=true`, which disables the authorization gate for many RC methods registered with `AuthRequired: true` on reachable RC servers that are started without global HTTP authentication. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive administrative functionality, including configuration and operational RC methods. Version 1.73.5 patches the issue.

Improper input validation in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

Missing hash/digest size and OID checks allow digests smaller than allowed when verifying ECDSA certificates, or smaller than is appropriate for the relevant key type, to be accepted by signature verification functions. This could lead to reduced security of ECDSA certificate-based authentication if the public CA key used is also known. This affects ECDSA/ECC verification when EdDSA or ML-DSA is also enabled.

A improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClientEMS 7.4.5 through 7.4.6 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted requests.

A vulnerability was identified in Tenda AC8 16.03.50.11. Affected by this issue is the function check_is_ipv6 of the component IPv6 Handler. The manipulation leads to reliance on ip address for authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.

A vulnerability was determined in CityData CityChat up to 0.12.6 on Android. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file resources/assets/flutter_assets/assets/credentials.json of the component ai.citydata.citychat. Executing a manipulation can lead to unprotected storage of credentials. The attack requires local access. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

arduino-TuyaOpen before version 1.2.1 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the DnsServer component. An attacker on the same local area network who controls the LAN DNS server can send malicious DNS responses to overflow the heap buffer, potentially allowing execution of arbitrary code on affected embedded devices.

Out of bounds write in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 146.0.7680.75 allowed a remote attacker to perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

RIOT is an open-source microcontroller operating system, designed to match the requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other embedded devices. In 2026.01 and earlier, the default handler for the well_known_core resource coap_well_known_core_default_handler writes user-provided option data and other data into a fixed size buffer without validating the buffer is large enough to contain the response. This vulnerability allows an attacker to corrupt neighboring stack location, including security-sensitive addresses like the return address, leading to denial of service or arbitrary code execution.

An issue was discovered in Lantronix EDS5000 2.1.0.0R3. The HTTP RPC module executes a shell command to write logs when user's authantication fails. The username is directly concatenated with the command without any sanitization. This allow attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands into the username parameter. Injected commands are executed with root privileges.

Cleartext transmission of sensitive information in Azure IoT Explorer allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 1.3.7, from 2.0.0 before 2.0.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.3.7 or 2.0.7, which fixes the issue.

Memory corruption while using alignments for memory allocation.

An issue was discovered in Tenda W20E V4.0br_V15.11.0.6. Attackers may exploit the vulnerability by specifying the value of `userInfo`. When `userInfo` is passed into the `addAuthUser` function and processed by `sscanf` without size validation, it could lead to buffer overflow.

An Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource vulnerability in the On-Box Anomaly detection framework of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved on PTX Series allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to execute code as root. The On-Box Anomaly detection framework should only be reachable by other internal processes over the internal routing instance, but not over an externally exposed port. With the ability to access and manipulate the service to execute code as root a remote attacker can take complete control of the device. Please note that this service is enabled by default as no specific configuration is required. This issue affects Junos OS Evolved on PTX Series: * 25.4 versions before 25.4R1-S1-EVO, 25.4R2-EVO. This issue does not affect Junos OS Evolved versions before 25.4R1-EVO. This issue does not affect Junos OS.

A vulnerability exists in EnOcean SmartServer IoT version 4.60.009 and prior, which would allow remote attackers, in the LON IP-852 management messages, to send specially crafted IP-852 messages resulting in a memory leak from the program's memory.

A vulnerability exists in EnOcean SmartServer IoT version 4.60.009 and prior, which would allow remote attackers, in the LON IP-852 management messages, to send specially crafted IP-852 messages resulting in arbitrary OS command execution on the device.

The /dbviewer/ web endpoint in METIS WIC devices is exposed without authentication. A remote attacker can access and export the internal telemetry SQLite database containing sensitive operational data. Additionally, the application is configured with debug mode enabled, causing malformed requests to return verbose Django tracebacks that disclose backend source code, local file paths, and system configuration.

Binding to an unrestricted ip address in Azure IoT Explorer allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

An Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability [CWE-200] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to bypass the patch developed for the symbolic link persistency mechanism observed in some post-exploit cases, via crafted HTTP requests. An attacker would need first to have compromised the product via another vulnerability, at filesystem level.

An improper neutralization of special elements used in an sql command ('sql injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClientEMS 7.4.4 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests.

ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In versions 5.5.2, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, a vulnerability exists in the WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) Enrollee implementation where malformed EAP-WSC packets with truncated payloads can cause integer underflow during fragment length calculation. When processing EAP-Expanded (WSC) messages, the code computes frag_len by subtracting header sizes from the total packet length. If an attacker sends a packet where the EAP Length field covers only the header and flags but omits the expected payload (such as the 2-byte Message Length field when WPS_MSG_FLAG_LEN is set), frag_len becomes negative. This negative value is then implicitly cast to size_t when passed to wpabuf_put_data(), resulting in a very large unsigned value. This issue has been patched in versions 5.5.3, 5.4.4, 5.3.5, 5.2.7, and 5.1.7.

RIOT is an open-source microcontroller operating system, designed to match the requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other embedded devices. In version 2025.10 and prior, multiple out-of-bounds read allow any unauthenticated user, with ability to send or manipulate input packets, to read adjacent memory locations, or crash a vulnerable device running the 6LoWPAN stack. The received packet is cast into a sixlowpan_sfr_rfrag_t struct and dereferenced without validating the packet is large enough to contain the struct object. At time of publication, no known patch exists.

A code injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile allowing attackers to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution.

The Tapo C220 v1 and C520WS v2 cameras’ HTTP service does not safely handle POST requests containing an excessively large Content-Length header. The resulting failed memory allocation triggers a NULL pointer dereference, causing the main service process to crash. An unauthenticated attacker can repeatedly crash the service, causing temporary denial of service. The device restarts automatically, and repeated requests can keep it unavailable.

telnetd in GNU Inetutils through 2.7 allows remote authentication bypass via a "-f root" value for the USER environment variable.

A command injection vulnerability exists in the GL-iNet GL-AXT1800 router firmware v4.6.8. The vulnerability is present in the `plugins.install_package` RPC method, which fails to properly sanitize user input in package names. Authenticated attackers can exploit this to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges

ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In versions 5.5.1, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, 5.1.6, and earlier, in the avrc_vendor_msg() function of the ESP-IDF BlueDroid AVRCP stack, the allocated buffer size was validated using AVRC_MIN_CMD_LEN (20 bytes). However, the actual fixed header data written before the vendor payload exceeds this value. This totals 29 bytes written before p_msg->p_vendor_data is copied. Using the old AVRC_MIN_CMD_LEN could allow an out-of-bounds write if vendor_len approaches the buffer limit. For commands where vendor_len is large, the original buffer allocation may be insufficient, causing writes beyond the allocated memory. This can lead to memory corruption, crashes, or other undefined behavior. The overflow could be larger when assertions are disabled.

ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In versions 5.5.1, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, 5.1.6, and earlier, in the ESP-IDF Bluetooth host stack (BlueDroid), the function bta_dm_sdp_result() used a fixed-size array uuid_list[32][MAX_UUID_SIZE] to store discovered service UUIDs during the SDP (Service Discovery Protocol) process. On modern Bluetooth devices, it is possible for the number of available services to exceed this fixed limit (32). In such cases, if more than 32 services are discovered, subsequent writes to uuid_list could exceed the bounds of the array, resulting in a potential out-of-bounds write condition.

A vulnerability was found in Tenda WH450 1.0.0.18. This affects an unknown function of the file /goform/PPTPDClient of the component HTTP Request Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument Username results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

The Sneeit Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 8.3 via the sneeit_articles_pagination_callback() function. This is due to the function accepting user input and then passing that through call_user_func(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute code on the server which can be leveraged to inject backdoors or, for example, create new administrative user accounts.

ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In versions 5.5.1, 5.4.3, and 5.3.4, when the ESP32-P4 uses its hardware JPEG decoder, the software parser lacks necessary validation checks. A specially crafted (malicious) JPEG image could exploit the parsing routine and trigger an out-of-bounds array access. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.5.2, 5.4.4, and 5.3.5. At time of publication versions 5.5.2, 5.4.4, and 5.3.5 have not been released but are fixed respectively in commits 4b8f585, c79cb4d, and 34e2726.

An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.10, FortiWeb 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiWeb 7.0.0 through 7.0.11 may allow an authenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code on the underlying system via crafted HTTP requests or CLI commands.

A relative path traversal vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiWeb 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiWeb 7.0.0 through 7.0.11 may allow an attacker to execute administrative commands on the system via crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests.