WLAN vulnerabilities

WDR201A WiFi Extender (HW V2.1, FW LFMZX28040922V1.02) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the firewall.cgi binary across five request handlers that apply insufficient input validation. Attackers can inject arbitrary shell commands through vulnerable parameters like websURLFilter, websHostFilter, portForward, singlePortForward, and ipportFilter using subshell syntax or unfiltered parameters, with payloads persisting in NVRAM and re-executing on every subsequent firewall.cgi request.

WDR201A WiFi Extender (HW V2.1, FW LFMZX28040922V1.02) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the adm.cgi binary's reboot_time function that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by injecting malicious input into the reboot_time POST parameter. Attackers can send a crafted request with shell metacharacters in the reboot_time parameter when reboot_enabled=1 to achieve remote code execution.

Transient DOS when processing a malformed Fast Transition response frame with an invalid header structure during wireless roaming.

Transient DOS when processing target power rate tables during channel configuration.

A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit a Path Traversal vulnerability found in the UniFi Network Application to access files on the underlying system that could be manipulated to access an underlying account.

A vulnerability has been identified where an attacker connecting to an access point as a standard wired or wireless client can impersonate a gateway by leveraging an address-based spoofing technique. Successful exploitation enables the redirection of data streams, allowing for the interception or modification of traffic intended for the legitimate network gateway via a Machine-in-the-Middle (MitM) position.

A vulnerability in the client isolation mechanism may allow an attacker to bypass Layer 2 (L2) communication restrictions between clients and redirect traffic at Layer 3 (L3). In addition to bypassing policy enforcement, successful exploitation - when combined with a port-stealing attack - may enable a bi-directional Machine-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack.

A vulnerability in the packet processing logic may allow an authenticated attacker to craft and transmit a malicious Wi-Fi frame that causes an Access Point (AP) to classify the frame as group-addressed traffic and re-encrypt it using the Group Temporal Key (GTK) associated with the victim's BSSID. Successful exploitation may enable GTK-independent traffic injection and, when combined with a port-stealing technique, allows an attacker to redirect intercepted traffic to facilitate machine-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks across BSSID boundaries.

A technique has been identified that adapts a known port-stealing method to Wi-Fi environments that use multiple BSSIDs. By leveraging the relationship between BSSIDs and their associated virtual ports, an attacker could potentially bypass inter-BSSID isolation controls. Successful exploitation may enable an attacker to redirect and intercept the victim's network traffic, potentially resulting in eavesdropping, session hijacking, or denial of service.

A vulnerability has been identified in a standardized wireless roaming protocol that could enable a malicious actor to install an attacker-controlled Group Temporal Key (GTK) on a client device. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote malicious actor to perform unauthorized frame injection, bypass client isolation, interfere with cross-client traffic, and compromise network segmentation, integrity, and confidentiality.

A vulnerability has been identified in the wireless encryption handling of Wi-Fi transmissions. A malicious actor can generate shared-key authenticated transmissions containing targeted payloads while impersonating the identity of a primary BSSID.Successful exploitation allows for the delivery of tampered data to specific endpoints, bypassing standard cryptographic separation.

In wlan STA driver, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00473802; Issue ID: MSV-5970.

In wlan STA driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00465314; Issue ID: MSV-4956.

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DWR-M960 1.01.07. This issue affects the function sub_452CCC of the file /boafrm/formWlEncrypt of the component WLAN Encryption Configuration Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument submit-url results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

In wlan AP/STA firmware, there is a possible system becoming irresponsive due to an uncaught exception. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00461663 / WCNCR00463309; Issue ID: MSV-4852.

In wlan, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00461651; Issue ID: MSV-4758.

In wlan STA driver, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00464377; Issue ID: MSV-4905.

Transient DOS while parsing a WLAN management frame with a Vendor Specific Information Element.

A NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE400 V1(802.11 modules) allows  an adjacent attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) by triggering a device reboot. This issue affects Archer BE400: xi 1.1.0 Build 20250710 rel.14914.

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

External control of file name or path in Windows WLAN Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

In wlan STA driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00447115; Issue ID: MSV-4276.

WLAN in Android before 2025-09-05 on Google Pixel devices allows elevation of privilege, aka A-396458384.

Transient DOS while creating NDP instance.

Authen::DigestMD5 versions 0.01 through 0.02 for Perl generate the cnonce insecurely. The cnonce (client nonce) is generated from an MD5 hash of the PID, the epoch time and the built-in rand function. The PID will come from a small set of numbers, and the epoch time may be guessed, if it is not leaked from the HTTP Date header. The built-in rand function is unsuitable for cryptographic usage. According to RFC 2831, "The cnonce-value is an opaque quoted string value provided by the client and used by both client and server to avoid chosen plaintext attacks, and to provide mutual authentication. The security of the implementation depends on a good choice. It is RECOMMENDED that it contain at least 64 bits of entropy."

An unauthenticated remote command execution vulnerability exists in Samsung WLAN AP WEA453e firmware prior to version 5.2.4.T1 via improper input validation in the “Tech Support” diagnostic functionality. The command1 and command2 POST or GET parameters accept arbitrary shell commands that are executed with root privileges on the underlying operating system. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a request that injects shell commands to create output files in writable directories and then access their contents via the download endpoint. This flaw allows complete compromise of the device without authentication. Exploitation evidence was observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-02-04 UTC.

Transient DOS may occur when processing vendor-specific information elements while parsing a WLAN frame for BTM requests.

In wlan AP driver, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00418038; Issue ID: MSV-3478.

In wlan AP driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00415570; Issue ID: MSV-3404.

In wlan AP driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00416226; Issue ID: MSV-3409.

IEEE P802.11-REVme D1.1 through D7.0 allows FragAttacks against mesh networks. In mesh networks using Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA, WPA2, or WPA3) or Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), an adversary can exploit this vulnerability to inject arbitrary frames towards devices that support receiving non-SSP A-MSDU frames. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incorrect fix for CVE-2020-24588. P802.11-REVme, as of early 2025, is a planned release of the 802.11 standard.

A vulnerability in the Out-of-Band Access Point (AP) Image Download, the Clean Air Spectral Recording, and the client debug bundles features of Cisco IOS XE Software for Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected system. This vulnerability is due to the presence of a hard-coded JSON Web Token (JWT) on an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTPS requests to the AP file upload interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload files, perform path traversal, and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.

Transient DOS may occur while parsing EHT operation IE or EHT capability IE.

A command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR-823X 240126 and 240802 allows an authorized attacker to execute arbitrary commands on remote devices by sending a POST request to /goform/set_prohibiting via the corresponding function, triggering remote command execution.

Memory corruption may occour occur when stopping the WLAN interface after processing a WMI command from the interface.

Memory corruption while parsing the ML IE due to invalid frame content.

In wlan AP driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00400889; Issue ID: MSV-2491.

In wlan AP driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00397139; Issue ID: MSV-2188.

In wlan AP driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00397141; Issue ID: MSV-2187.

An access control issue in the component form2WlanBasicSetup.cgi of D-Link 816A2_FWv1.10CNB05_R1B011D88210 allows unauthenticated attackers to set the 2.4G and 5G wlan service of the device via a crafted POST request.

In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY00720348; Issue ID: MSV-2392.

In wlan STA driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00389496 / ALPS09137491; Issue ID: MSV-1835.

In wlan driver, there is a possible client disconnection due to improper handling of exceptional conditions. This could lead to remote denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00384543; Issue ID: MSV-1727.

Memory corruption while maintaining memory maps of HLOS memory.

Memory corruption while redirecting log file to any file location with any file name.

In wlan driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS08998449; Issue ID: MSV-1603.

** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability classified as critical was found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20240814. This vulnerability affects the function cgi_set_cover of the file /cgi-bin/photocenter_mgr.cgi. The manipulation of the argument album_name leads to buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the product is end-of-life. It should be retired and replaced.

Windows Wi-Fi Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

The IEEE 802.11 standard sometimes enables an adversary to trick a victim into connecting to an unintended or untrusted network with Home WEP, Home WPA3 SAE-loop. Enterprise 802.1X/EAP, Mesh AMPE, or FILS, aka an "SSID Confusion" issue. This occurs because the SSID is not always used to derive the pairwise master key or session keys, and because there is not a protected exchange of an SSID during a 4-way handshake.

There is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the underlying Local User Authentication Database service that could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution by sending specially crafted packets destined to the PAPI (Aruba's access point management protocol) UDP port (8211). Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.